"The Holocaust : Roots, History, and Aftermath / D.M. Crowe. – Colorado, 2008. – p. 311" . "Of the 42,500 Jews in Italy in 1940, about 85 percent would survive the Holocaust. In the early years after World War I, Italian Jews enjoyed the fruits of emancipation won in the latter part of the nineteenth century, and they played an active role in Italian political and professional life. Little changed after Benito Mussolini’s accession to power on 1922-10-30. There were some Jews in Mussolini’s Partito Nazionale Fascista, and some rose to positions of importance. In fact, according to Susan Zuccotti, the PNF was relatively free of anti-Semitism."@eng . "Partito Nazionale Fascista"@eng . .