us-005578-irn85982-irn85985
has beginning date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1941-01-01
has or had identifier: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn85982-irn85985/alternateIDs/1
has or had subject: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/vocabularies/ehri-ghettos/107
has record set type: Item
history: Baruch Widman was born on May 25, 1913, in Rozniatow, Poland (now Rozhniativ, Ukraine), to Salomon and Regina Widman. He had a younger brother, Oscar. Salomon was the largest flour and grain wholesaler in the town and the family was wealthy. They were religious and regularly attended their synagogue. On September 1, 1939, the war began when Germany invaded Poland. On September 17, the Soviet Union invaded and occupied eastern Poland, including Rozniatow. Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, and Soviet forces abandoned Rozniatow and the surrounding area in July. German authorities occupied the town in August. In summer 1942, the Jews in Rozniatow were ordered to move to a larger city in the area. Salomon chose Bolechow (Bolekhiv, Ukraine) because he had a few cousins who lived there. They took everything they could from their house and sold everything from Salomon’s business. In Bolechow, they had to wear Star of David armbands and were only allowed on the streets for limited hours. Baruch got involved with the black market and was very successful. He bought leather from friends who worked in the tanneries and resold it. They were eventually put in a labor camp. Baruch and his parents did not have to work because Baruch bribed the non-Jewish camp manager. Baruch met Sarah Rothfeld, who was born on January 1, 1920, in Bolechow, to Isaak and Bela Gartenberg Rothfeld. She was held in the Sesselfabrik labor camp. Baruch bribed his manager to let him out of the camp every day so he could see Sarah. The couple married in 1943. In summer 1943, the manager warned Baruch that the labor camps in Bolechow were going to be liquidated. Baruch told Sarah that they had to leave, then spoke to her mother and sister and received their blessing. Baruch and Sarah fled in the middle of the night. They traveled for three days, walking at night and sleeping in fields during the day. They went with two other people who knew how to find a group of partisans who were hiding in …
conditions of use: No restrictions on use
physical characterisitics and technical requirements: a. Head tefillin with a square, black painted, leather box (batim) constructed of 4 leather panels with an embossed Hebrew letter Shin on the left and right sides; the right Shin has four strokes. The box is centered on a black painted, square, 5 layered leather platform sewn together with gut from kosher animals (giddin). The platform has a triangular, notched back with an opening through which a knotted black painted leather strap (retzu’ot) is threaded. The underside of the strap is unfinished. The box interior is divided into 4 sections, which should hold 4 parchment scrolls (parshiyot) inscribed with Hebrew prayers. Most of the black paint has worn off. The straps are stored beside the tefillin and the measurements are for the batim. b. Hand tefillin with a square, black painted, leather box (batim) with smooth sides. The box is centered on a black painted, square, 5 layered leather platform, which is sewn together with gut from kosher animals (giddin). The platform has a triangular, notched back with an opening through which a long, looped, black painted leather strap (retzu’ot) is threaded. The underside of the strap is unfinished. The box should hold a parchment scroll (parshiyot) inscribed with 4 Hebrew prayers. The strap is stored beside the tefillin, and the measurements are for the batim.
title: Set of tefillin kept by a Polish Jewish man through the war
conditions of access: No restrictions on access
identifier: irn85985
has or had holder: us-005578
history: The tefillin were donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2014 by Renee Rosenstock, the daughter of Bernard Widman.
has end date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1945-12-31
results or resulted from: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn85982-irn85985/acquisitions/1
scope and content: Set of tefillin kept with Baruch Widman in eastern Poland from 1941 to 1945 throughout the war. Baruch’s mother Regina told him to keep the tefillin with him because it would save him. Tefillin are small boxes containing prayers attached to leather straps and worn on the arm and the head by Orthodox Jewish males during morning prayers. In September 1939, Soviet forces occupied eastern Poland, including Rozniatow, where Baruch lived with his family. In August 1941, it was occupied by Germany. In summer 1942, Baruch, parents Regina and Salomon, and brother Oscar were sent to a labor camp in Bolechow. While in the camp, Baruch met and married Sarah Rothfeld. In summer 1943, Baruch and Sarah fled and joined a partisan group in the woods near Stryj. In July 1944, Baruch and Sarah went to Rozniatow, where they were hidden by a friend, Michal Jagiellowicz. Baruch and Sarah were liberated by Soviet forces in August 1944. They were the only members of their families to survive.
is or was included in: us-005578-irn85982
record resource extent: a: Height: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Width: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Depth: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm) b: Height: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Width: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Depth: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm)
has or had some members with language: heb
type: RecordSet