us-005578-irn82553-irn5168
title: Map of Africa owned by a Dutch Jewish boy while living in hiding
has or had holder: us-005578
results or resulted from: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn82553-irn5168/acquisitions/1
has or had some members with language: nld
biographical history: Max Bernard Heppner (b. 1933) was born in Amsterdam, Netherlands, to Albert (1900-1945) and Irene (nee Krämer, 1904-1997) Heppner. Earlier in the year, Albert and Irene fled from their native Berlin, Germany, to Amsterdam after Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor. In Berlin, Albert was an art historian and dealer. He continued this work in Amsterdam, and Irene often worked with him, serving as hostess to a variety of international clients. Albert insisted on assimilating as much as they could into Dutch culture, and attempted to disassociate himself from Germany. A few months after Albert and Irene immigrated, her father, Jakob Kramer (1868-1943), joined them in Amsterdam and took a central role in raising Max. Max accompanied his grandfather to social events with other German refugees, enabling him to become bilingual. Max’s parents were not religious, but ensured that Max learned Hebrew. The family was on vacation in Switzerland when Germany invaded Poland in September 1939. They rushed back to the Netherlands, and made it just before the border closed. Max began kindergarten that year at a small, neighborhood school, and did not experience much antisemitism until May 1940, when Germany invaded the Netherlands. The occupying Germans established a civilian administration run largely by the SS, which gradually tightened control on the residents. While Max could still attend school, a wall was built down the center of the building to separate the Jewish and non-Jewish children. Albert’s work permit was rescinded in 1940, but he continued his work illegally with the help of non-Jewish friends. In early 1941, all Jews were required to register themselves with the authorities, and a Jewish council was established. On April 29, 1942, Max’s family was required to wear yellow Star of David badges that identified them as Jews. The authorities raided their home for valuables on multiple occasions, and that summer, Jewish deportation round ups began. In early August, the SS…
record resource extent: overall: Height: 20.750 inches (52.705 cm) | Width: 27.520 inches (69.901 cm)
type: RecordSet
scope and content: Map owned by 10 year old Max Heppner when he was living in hiding with his family on a farm in Holland from 1942-1944. Nazi Germany occupied the Netherlands in May 1940. Max and his family lived in Amsterdam and in 1942, after house raids and the confiscation of his father's art business, they attempted to flee to France. The Dutch underground placed the family with another Jewish family on a farm. They lived mostly in chicken houses where the farmer built special hiding places and gave them a radio. The area was liberated in September 1944. Max and his mother emigrated to the United States on November 4, 1946.
has record set type: Item
has or had identifier: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn82553-irn5168/alternateIDs/1
conditions of access: No restrictions on access
conditions of use: No restrictions on use
archival history: The map was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1991 by Amichai Heppner.
is or was included in: us-005578-irn82553
has beginning date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1942-01-01
identifier: irn5168
physical characteristics and technical requirements: Polychrome map entitled,"Kompas van Afrik" (Compass of Africa) Maps. Four maps printed on one page. Printed in The Hague. ca. 1942-1943. In Dutch.
has end date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1943-12-31