us-005578-irn71121-irn784
record resource extent: overall: Height: 2.125 inches (5.398 cm) | Width: 3.750 inches (9.525 cm)
scope and content: Czech currency, 1 korunu note, acquired by Beno Helmer under unknown circumstances. Ghetto inmates were not allowed to have currency. Scrip was issued as a labor incentive and facilitated the confiscation of money and goods from internees. There was little to exchange it for in the ghetto. In 1941, Beno, 18, and his family were interned in Łódź Ghetto, set up by the Germans after their occupation of Poland in September 1939. In spring 1944, as the ghetto was liquidated, Beno and his family were sent to Auschwitz concentration camp. Beno was selected for labor and sent to a subcamp of Gross-Rosen that supplied slave labor to the metalworks factory, Krupp Bertha-Werk, at Laskowitz-Meleschwitz. He was later transferred to Buchenwald, then Ludwigslust, a Neuengamme subcamp. Beno joined a Polish forced labor group that was conscripted into the Soviet Army. He was liberated by American soldiers while in a Soviet prisoner-of-war camp. The war ended in early May 1945 when Germany surrendered. All of Beno's family was killed, except one sister.
type: RecordSet
title: Republic of Czechoslovakia currency, 1 korunu note, acquired by a Jewish Polish survivor
conditions of use: No restrictions on use
archival history: The bank note was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1988 by Beno Helmer.
conditions of access: No restrictions on access
has or had some members with language: ces
has end date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1944-12-31
has record set type: Item
biographical history: Beno Helmer was born in 1923 in Teplice-Sanov, Czechoslovakia, to Isaak and Dora Helmer. As a young man, Beno used his foreign language skills to land small movie roles. He and his family attempted to settle in Hungary. In 1939, because they did not have legal immigration papers, they were deported to Łódź, Poland. In February 1940, the German authorities set up a ghetto where Beno and his family and all Jewish residents were forced to move. In 1942, Beno had to perform forced labor outside the ghetto. Through an underground contact, he got a job under a false identity, posing as a non-Jewish German. He assisted the resistance by collecting information. He also helped commit acts of sabotage, and became an expert at derailing trains. Beno returned to the ghetto when his father became sick. He remained with his family until they were deported. In spring 1944, the Łódź ghetto was liquidated and the family was sent to Auschwitz concentration camp. Beno was separated from his family. He was sent to a series of German concentration camps, including a subcamp of Gross-Rosen associated with the metalworks factory, Krupp Bertha-Werk, at Laskowitz-Meleschwitz, then to Buchenwald, and to Ludwigslust, a subcamp of Neuengamme. He was liberated by American soldiers while in a Soviet prisoner-of-war camp. In an attempt to get back to Poland, he joined a Polish forced labor group that was later drafted into the Soviet Army. The war ended in early May 1945 when Germany surrendered. All of Beno's family was killed, except one sister, who he found after the war. He spent time hunting for Nazi war criminals. Beno remained in Europe for several years, but eventually immigrated to the United States
is or was included in: us-005578-irn71121
results or resulted from: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn71121-irn784/acquisitions/1
identifier: irn784
physical characteristics and technical requirements: 1 Korunu, Czech Republic. No. EP524169
has beginning date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1944-01-01
has or had identifier: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn71121-irn784/alternateIDs/1
has or had holder: us-005578