us-005578-irn615972-irn618411
has record set type: Item
archival history: The dress was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2018 by Bienonida Ezooy.
has or had holder: us-005578
title: Lace dress worn by a Jewish baby in Yugoslavia before and during the Holocaust
conditions of use: No restrictions on use
conditions of access: No restrictions on access
scope and content: Handmade lace dress with a floral design worn by Bienonida Behar (later Ezoory) as a baby in Skopje, Yugoslavia (now North Macedonia) before and during the Holocaust. Her parents Aharon and Rebeka had a very close friendship with Aharon’s business partner Aleksander Todorov and his wife, Blaga. When the Axis invaded Yugoslavia and partitioned the country in April 1941, Skopje fell under Bulgaria’s control. The Bulgarian authorities quickly created new legislation that restricted Jewish life. On March 11, 1943, the Jewish populations of Macedonia were rounded up by Bulgarian and German forces and taken to the Monopol tobacco warehouse. Before they were taken away, Bienonida’s parents left her with Aleksander and Blaga. At the end of March, Bienonida's parents, along with the other Jewish prisoners, were deported to Treblinka killing center in German occupied Poland where they were murdered upon arrival. The Todorovs raised Bienonida as their own daughter. In 1952, when she was 13 years old, Bienonida learned she was Jewish and the truth about her parents. In October that same year, Bienonida left Yugoslavia for Israel. She studied nursing and married a businessman. On January 6, 1980, Yad Vashem recognized Aleksandar and Blaga Todorov as Righteous Among the Nations for saving Bienonida.
has end date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1944-12-31
has or had identifier: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn615972-irn618411/alternateIDs/1
results or resulted from: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn615972-irn618411/acquisitions/1
type: RecordSet
identifier: irn618411
is or was included in: us-005578-irn615972
has beginning date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1939-01-01
record resource extent: overall: Height: 11.500 inches (29.21 cm) | Width: 10.000 inches (25.4 cm)
physical characteristics and technical requirements: Baby girl’s handmade, sleeveless white lace dress with three rows of fabric ruffles sewn around the skirt. Between each row the lace pattern features alternating inverted and upright flowers on a stem with 4 leaves. The bodice has a row of flowers like the skirt. Attached at the top are a pair of wide, approximately 10” long white straps that have been cut on a diagonal. The skirt has a seam on the right side and the bodice has a center seam on the front and back. There is a brown stain on the bodice, just below the left strap are some small yellow stains on the bottom two ruffles.
biographical history: Bienonida Ezoory (née Behar, b. 1939) was born in Skopje, Yugoslavia (now North Macedonia) to Aharon (1906-1943) and Rebeka Koen Behar (1917-1943). Aharon was born in Zemun, Austria-Hungary, but his father, Moshe, a Rabbi, moved the family to Skopje in 1919. Aharon owned several electric stores with his gentile business partner, Aleksander Todorov. Aharon married Rebeka on June 12, 1938. Aharon and Rebeka were very close friends with Aleksander and his wife Blaga. During Bienonida’s first years, the families spent a great deal of time together. On April 6, 1941, Yugoslavia was conquered by Axis forces and was partitioned between Germany, Italy, Hungary and Bulgaria, with Skopje falling under Bulgarian control. Bulgarian authorities passed many antisemitic laws that restricted the everyday lives of the Jewish community. In October, Jews were banned from engaging in commerce or industry, and all existing Jewish businesses had three months to transfer ownership or sell their assets to non-Jews, forcing Aharon to relinquish his share of the business. Fearing for their friends’ safety, Aleksander and Blaga acquired false identity papers and transport for Bienonida and her family to Albania. On the trip to the Albanian border, the Behars sighted guards and police, and fearing arrest, they returned to Skopje. On March 11, 1943, the Jewish population of Skopje, including Aharon and Rebeka, was rounded up by Bulgarian and German forces and imprisoned at the Monopol tobacco warehouse. Before their removal, Rebeka and Aharon were able to hide Bienonida with the Todorovs. The warehouse was chosen for its ability to hold a large number of people and its proximity to the railroad. Later in the day, the Skopje Jewish prisoners at the warehouse were joined by the Jewish communities of Bitola and Štip. Virtually the entire Jewish population of Macedonia was now imprisoned in Monopol. The prisoners were given little food, few blankets, and were searched, beaten, and humiliated. Women…