Metal horseshoe-shaped heel plate recovered from Chelmno killing center

The heel plate was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1989 by the Muzeum Okręgowe w Koninie. 

Metal horseshoe-shaped heel plate recovered from Chelmno killing center 

overall: Height: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) | Width: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm) | Depth: 3.375 inches (8.573 cm) 

Metal heel plate, likely recovered from a temporary pit furnace at Chelmno killing center in German-occupied Poland, during an archaeological excavation in 1986 and 1987. Killing operations at Chelmno commenced on December 8, 1941. Prisoners were taken to a camp at a manor house (Schlosslager) in the village to undress and relinquish their valuables. They were then loaded into a gas van where they were killed. The van was then driven 2.5 miles northwest of the village to a camp in the Rzuchowski forest (Waldlager), where the bodies were dumped into mass graves. The large number of corpses created a threat of disease and discovery by Allied forces, so the bodies were exhumed and burned in seven primitive pit furnaces. In the fall of 1942, the furnaces were replaced with two open-air crematoria consisting of concrete foundations topped by a grate of train rails. In March 1943, transports to Chelmno stopped, and the manor house and open-air crematoria in the forest were demolished. Deportations to Chelmno resumed from June to July 1944, to facilitate the liquidation of the Łódź ghetto. In this second phase, the entire killing process was carried out in the forest camp (Waldlager), necessitating the construction of new buildings. The Germans abandoned the camp on January 17, 1945, having killed over 172,000 people. The excavations of 1986-87, and later work have identified additional furnaces, crematoria, and mass graves at the site. 

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Thin, flat, narrow, horseshoe-shaped, corroded iron heel plate. Each arm ends in a straight, slightly rounded edge. Four small partial nails pierce the metal and bend back to the plate, two on each arm. The entire surface is covered in a heavy orange-brown corrosion, obscuring the original finish.