us-005578-irn60166-irn8528
has end date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1948-12-31
has or had some members with language: deu
has or had identifier: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn60166-irn8528/alternateIDs/1
has end date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1960-12-31
is or was included in: us-005578-irn60166
results or resulted from: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn60166-irn8528/acquisitions/1
archival history: The woodcut was donated to United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1994 by Eva Pankok, the daughter of Otto Pankok.
scope and content: Woodcut portrait of a freckled Sinti woman, Raklo, created by Otto Pankok, a German artist persecuted by the Nazi regime. In the 1920s, he was part of the avant garde Junge Rheinland group with Otto Dix, Gert Wollheim, Karl Schwesig, and Adolf Uzarski. Around 1930, Pankok became fascinated by the itinerant life led by Roma and Sinti, and exhibited his first series of portraits in 1932 at the Dusseldorf Kunsthalle. Under the Nazi regime which came to power in 1933, art and culture had to serve to promote national socialist ideology. Modern art was denounced as a tool of the international Jewish conspiracy. In 1933, some works from Pankok's Passion Cycle, which reimagined the Passion of Christ in a national socialist state, with Communists, Jews, Roma, and artists as the pure and good, and the Gestapo and other Nazis as the evil and fallen. It was soon shut down by the government. In 1935, Pankok was investigated by the Gestapo. After a book of the Passion Cycle was published in 1936, Pankok was designated a degenerate artist and forbidden to work as an artist. His works were removed from museums and one of his Sinti lithographs, Hoto II, was included in the 1937 Entartete Kunst [Degenerate Art] exhibition. In spite of this, Pankok continued working in secret to create artwork depicting Communists, Jews, Roma, and others who suffered under the Nazi regime. After the war, he again was a professor at the Art Academy in Dusseldorf.
record resource extent: overall: Height: 19.000 inches (48.26 cm) | Width: 25.250 inches (64.135 cm) pictorial area: Height: 11.125 inches (28.258 cm) | Width: 16.625 inches (42.228 cm)
conditions of use: Restrictions on use. Donor explains in her letter of 1-3-94 that she doesn't have reproduction rights to the works. (see letter)
has or had holder: us-005578
conditions of access: No restrictions on access
physical characteristics and technical requirements: Woodcut portrait in black ink on wove paper of an angry looking woman in a round hat and a fancy dress, with a high back collar and wide puffy shoulders. She has a long neck and a small face with fat, freckled cheeks, and pressed lips. Her furrowed eyebrows and large eyes project a menacing expression. She is shown from the shoulders. The artist’s name is printed at the bottom. front, below image, pencil : Nachlaß Otto Pankok / Eva Pankok [Estate of Otto Pankok] back, bottom left corner, pencil : H586
biographical history: Otto Pankok was born on June 6, 1893, in Saarn near Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, to Dr. Eduard and Marie Spring Pankok. Otto had an older brother, Adolf. His father had a medical practice. He graduated from the state school in 1912. Otto studied art at several school, the Academy of Fine Arts in Dusseldorf, the School of Fine Arts in Weimar and then went to Paris, where he attended the Academie Russe and the Academie de la grande Chaumière. When war broke out in 1914, Otto was conscripted into the Germany Army. He was wounded in a blast early in the war, hospitalized for months, and released from service in April 1917. The war ended in 1918. The next year, Otto moved to Berlin, then to Remels with his friend and fellow artist, Gert Wollheim. In 1920, both men moved to Dusseldorf. They worked with other artists, including Max Ernst, Otto Dix, Karl Schwesig, and Adolf Uzarski, as part of an avant garde group of intellectuals and artists known as Das Junge Rheinland [Young Rhineland]. They joined the Aktivisten-bund [Activist League] and were among the artists promoted by art dealer Johanna Ey (Mutter Ey), who exhibited their work in her gallery. In 1921, he married Hulda Droste, a journalist. Their daughter Eva was born on July 14, 1925. Pankok and the others sought an artistic language that was more modern and truthful, unconnected with existing social customs and structures. Pankok developed a monochromatic style, relying on strong, expressive lines and forceful composition. Pankok first worked primarily as a painter and printmaker, but in the late 1920s, he began creating sculptural work. Between 1927 and 1929, he traveled to Italy, southern France, Spain and Holland, and produced a series, Lithos. He achieved fame in 1930, for Stern and Blume [Star and Flower], a series of 130 works. His works were deeply influenced by his idol Vincent van Gogh, and his style was referred to as expressive realism. Around the same time, fascinated by the itinerant life led by Roma…
has beginning date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1960-01-01
type: RecordSet
has record set type: Item
identifier: irn8528
title: Otto Pankok woodcut of a Sinti woman with freckles
has beginning date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1948-01-01