us-005578-irn597395-irn616235
results or resulted from: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn597395-irn616235/acquisitions/1
has or had subject: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/vocabularies/ehri-camps/16
conditions of use: No restrictions on use
conditions of access: No restrictions on access
history: The scrip was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2018 by Lea Rosendahl and Emmy Rosendahl Reid, the daughters of Helmut Rosendahl.
has or had some members with language: deu
has or had subject: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/vocabularies/ehri-camps/2019
has or had subject: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/vocabularies/ehri-camps/0
has or had subject: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/vocabularies/ehri-terms/517
has or had identifier: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn597395-irn616235/alternateIDs/1
is or was included in: us-005578-irn597395
has or had holder: us-005578
has or had subject: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/vocabularies/ehri-terms/556
has or had subject: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/vocabularies/ehri-terms/819
scope and content: Voucher, valued at 25 cents, distributed in Westerbork transit camp, and acquired by Helmut Rosendahl, a German Jewish man held there in 1944. While at the camp, inmates were compelled to work, and a special currency was issued to incentivize output, but the money had no real monetary value outside the camp. After Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, the German authorities began using Westerbork as a transit camp, holding internees until they were deported to forced labor camps or killing centers in other countries. The special currency was first distributed in 1944, and designed by Werner Löwenhardt, a Jewish artist who was imprisoned by the Germans in Westerbork from October 1942 until the camp was liberated in April 1945. The front design features a large chimney from the camp laundry and a street known as the Boulevard of Misery. The back design also features the chimney, in addition to a large, toothed spur gear. Both images support an illusion of an industrious camp as well as the hopelessness of inevitable deportation. Helmut was interned in Westerbork on September 2, 1942. His brother, father, and sisters were also held in Westerbork and several other camps. Helmut was deported to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp on September 4, 1944. He was deported again to Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center and Gleiwitz I as a forced laborer. In January 1945, Helmut was sent on a death march to Blechhammer, where he was liberated by the Soviet army. After Germany surrendered to the Allies in May 1945, Helmut was able to return to Amsterdam, where he reunited with his father.
date: 1944 February 15-1945 April 12, 1944 February 15-1944 September 04
has or had subject: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/vocabularies/ehri-camps/2
title: Westerbork transit camp voucher, 25 cent note, acquired by a former inmate
record resource extent: overall: Height: 3.250 inches (8.255 cm) | Width: 4.125 inches (10.477 cm)
physical characterisitics and technical requirements: Westerbork scrip on rectangular white paper with a brown basket weave background overlaid with red text and graphic designs. The face has a square in each corner and 2 center rectangles outlined in red. The denomination is written in the upper left and lower right squares. The upper rectangle has three lines of text and the lower rectangle has a faint drawing of the camp featuring the tall laundry chimneys. A wave patterned border is present on the top upper left square, bottom lower right square, and under the text in the upper rectangle. The back has the brown weave background with 2 outlined squares in the upper corners and narrow rectangles with a spiral line pattern in the lower corners. In the center is an underprint of the denomination. Across the top center is a narrow silhouetted image of the camp landscape inserted through the center of a toothed gear wheel; serial letter and number are stamped below. German text, an issue date, and a signature are printed along the bottom. back, center, stamped, black ink : Serie CC No. 5732 back, center, bottom edge, stamped, black ink : K 1227
has record set type: Item
has or had subject: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/vocabularies/ehri-camps/7
identifier: irn616235
history: Helmut Rosendahl (1917-2007) was born to Max (1872-1950) and Emma (born Henrietta Kussel, 1873-1917) Rosendahl in Odenkirchen, Germany, where Max worked as a horse dealer. The couple had two older daughters, Hilde (later Illfelder, 1907-1943) and Meta (later Voss, 1909-1942), but Emma died shortly after giving birth to Helmut. Max was fighting in the German army at the time of Emma’s death, so her mother took care of the children. In 1919, Max married Julia Stern (1885-1939), who treated Helmut as her own son. The following year, they had another son, Erich (1920-1945). In 1923, the family moved to Gangelt, Germany, near the border of Germany and the Netherlands. There were few Jewish children in Gangelt, so Helmut received private Jewish lessons while attending the public elementary school. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany. Initially, the Jewish population thought Hitler would be out of power within weeks or months, however, anti-Jewish decrees were passed that restricted every aspect of Jewish life. In Gangelt, boycotts of Jewish businesses began, though some people continued to shop in those stores. In June, Helmut’s sister, Hilde, and her husband, decided to move to Amsterdam. In September 1935, Germany passed the Nuremberg Laws, which excluded Jews from citizenship and deprived them of most political rights. Due to these laws, Helmut was no longer allowed to attend the public school, so he focused on drawing and machinery training. Later, he learned the painting trade from a friend of his father. His sister, Meta, married that same year. By June 1938, the antisemitism in Gangelt became so intense that Helmut moved to Amsterdam to live with his sister, Hilde. Following the Kristallnacht pogrom that November, persecution of Jews intensified, with frequent arrests and deportations to concentration camps. This led Erich to cross the border into the Netherlands illegally. Max and Julia legally followed six weeks later, but they w…
type: RecordSet