us-005578-irn564933-irn566750
has beginning date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1950-01-01
has or had subject: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/vocabularies/ehri-pers/000185
archival history: The pipe was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2017 by Martha Gay, the daughter of Berthold Salzmann.
type: RecordSet
scope and content: Tobacco pipe with a bowl in the shape of Adolf Hitler’s head acquired by the father in law of Berthold Salzmann from Germany during the Korean War. This pipe was carved from quality briar wood, the best material for pipes. Berthold and his sister Ernesta were medical students at the University of Vienna throughout the 1930s. On March 13, 1938 Germany annexed Austria and created new legislation that restricted Jewish life. Consequently, Berthold graduated but was unable to practice medicine and Ernesta was unable to graduate. Berthold was selected for a refugee program organized by the Central British Fund for German Jewry, and immigrated to England early in 1939. He was held at the Kitchener refugee camp in East Kent, and then moved to an internment camp on the Isle of Man after the fall of France in May 1940. On June 1, Berthold immigrated to the United States. In June of 1939, Ernesta immigrated to England where she worked as a hospital nurse before immigrating to the United States on November 22, 1942. Berthold’s sister Josefine, and his parents Jakob and Antonie were deported from Vienna to the Kielce ghetto in German occupied Poland. When the ghetto was liquidated in August 1942, they were likely deported with 21,000 other ghetto prisoners to Treblinka killing center and murdered. Berthold and Ernesta both became physicians in the U.S.
has end date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1953-12-31
has or had identifier: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn564933-irn566750/alternateIDs/1
identifier: irn566750
record resource extent: overall: Height: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Depth: 5.375 inches (13.653 cm)
title: Tobacco pipe with a bowl carved into the shape of Hitler’s head
physical characteristics and technical requirements: Dark brown briar wood tobacco pipe with a black plastic, curved stem and a raised rim at the end of the mouthpiece. It slides into the slightly tapered cylindrical shank under a small metal band, which extends into a bowl that has been carved into the shape of Adolf Hitler’s head. He has a round forehead, and finely carved features, including a toothbrush mustache beneath his pointed nose and hair with a deep part and small drilled eyes. The conical bowl has a flat rim and a rounded bottom with carbon residue inside. There are engraved marks on the shank and bite marks on the mouthpiece.
has or had holder: us-005578
has record set type: Item
is or was included in: us-005578-irn564933
biographical history: Berthold Salzmann (1911-1990) was born in Lwow, Austria-Hungary (now Lviv, Ukraine) to Jakob (Jankel) Salzmann and Antonie (Toni) Zeller Salzmann. He had two sisters, Josefine (Finny b. 1906) and Ernesta (b. 1908). The family moved several times before settling in Vienna where Jakob worked as a civil servant. Berthold and Ernesta pursued careers as physicians, both attending the Medical School of the University of Vienna throughout the 1930s. On March 13, 1938 Austria was annexed into Germany, in what became known as the Anschluss. German authorities quickly created new legislation that restricted Jewish life. Jews were unable to attend university, were excluded from most professions, and were forced to wear a yellow badge to identify themselves as Jews. This legislation prevented Ernesta from receiving her degree. Berthold was able to graduate from University, but the law prevented him from practicing medicine. On November 9-10, 1938, during the Kristallnacht pogrom, Jews and their businesses, homes, and places of worship were freely and publically attacked by the public and Nazi paramilitary units. After this, the members of the Salzmann family began looking for opportunities to emigrate. In early 1939, Berthold was selected by the Central British Fund for German Jewry (CBF now World Jewish Relief) for transport out of Austria to England. In the wake of Kristallnacht, the CBF persuaded the British government to allow two rescue missions of Jews from Germany. The first was the Kindertransport, which brought Jewish refugee children to Great Britain. The second was the rescue of 4,000 adult men, many of whom had been arrested in November 1938 and incarcerated in concentration camps. The immigration was allowed as long as the CBF paid for the financial support of the refugees and guaranteed that neither group would remain permanently in Britain. Between February and September 1939, just under 4,000 men were able to escape Austria and Germany through this transport. Be…
conditions of use: No restrictions on use
conditions of access: No restrictions on access
results or resulted from: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn564933-irn566750/acquisitions/1
has or had some members with language: fra