us-005578-irn552725-irn561057
record resource extent: folders 9
has or had some members with language: deu
date: circa 1930-1992
has or had holder: us-005578
has or had subject: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/vocabularies/ehri-terms/701
has or had some members with language: ces
type: RecordSet
biographical history: Irene Frank (nee Silberstein, b. 1927) was born in Berlin, Germany to Dr. Friedrich (Fritz) Silberstein (1890-1944) and Lotte Frank Silberstein (1903-1941). Friedrich fought for Germany in World War I, and received the Iron Cross first class for his service. Later, he inherited his father’s successful moving company. The family lived in an affluent neighborhood, and had many Gentile friends. They were not religious, and did not observe holidays or the Sabbath. Irene was an only child, and had a sheltered and pampered childhood. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany. That same year, Irene began attending public school where she first experienced antisemitism. In 1935, the Nuremberg Laws were passed. The laws defined a person as Jewish if they had three or four Jewish grandparents, regardless of their religious practices, and mandated the total separation of Jews and non-Jews. No longer able to attend public school, Irene’s parents enrolled her in a private Jewish school. In the wake of the violent, antisemitic, pogroms known as Kristallnacht, Irene’s school closed, and her parents enrolled her in an American school for diplomats’ children. On September 3, 1939, France and England declared war on Germany, leading the school to close after Irene’s first year. The increasing restrictions, antisemitism, and violence led many people to leave Germany. Irene’s family was allowed to immigrate to the United States, but Friedrich’s reluctance to leave his mother alone in Germany caused him to delay their departure. Instead of escaping with his family, Friedrich’s moving company helped many others to move out of the country. Eventually, German authorities prohibited further emigration, forcing the family to remain in Berlin. In 1941, Friedrich’s moving business underwent Aryanization and was forcibly transferred to a non-Jew. Afterwards, he was forced into compulsory labor in a Bakelite factory. Irene’s mother, Lotte, was also forced into labor a…
has or had subject: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/vocabularies/ehri-terms/843
title: Irene and Henry Frank papers
identifier: irn561057
has or had some members with language: hun
has or had identifier: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn552725-irn561057/alternateIDs/1
record resource structure: The Irene and Henry Frank papers are arranged as a single series.
results or resulted from: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn552725-irn561057/acquisitions/1
has or had some members with language: eng
is or was included in: us-005578-irn552725
scope and content: The Irene and Henry Frank papers include correspondence, biographical materials, photographs, and Theresienstadt and Deggendorf materials documenting Irene and Henry Frank from Berlin, their survival in concentration and labor camps during the Holocaust, and their immigration to the United States in 1946. Correspondence primarily consists of messages from Henry’s mother, Anna, in Theresienstadt that were delivered to Henry at the Wulkow labor camp when supplies were delivered from Theresienstadt to Wulkow. Additional messages from Theresienstadt to Henry at Wulkow come from his sister, Inge, and his friends. The collection also includes a postwar letter from Dorothea Schonberg in Glasgow to Fritz Silberstein in Theresienstadt long after he had been transferred to Auschwitz and killed. Deggendorf materials include a photograph of a performance at the Deggendorf displaced persons camp, a torn tickets to an event at Deggendorf, and a picture postcard of Deggendorf. Henry Frank biographical materials include identification papers, certificates, and ration cards documenting his internment at Theresienstadt, postwar stay at the Deggendorf displaced persons camp, and immigration to the United States. Many of the records have adhesive and backing paper attached to them as they appear to have been removed from a scrapbook. Irene Frank biographical materials include identification papers documenting her status as a displaced person and victim of the Holocaust and a ticket documenting her immigration to the United States. Photographs depict Irene Frank’s arrival in New York aboard the SS Marine Perch, Theresienstadt, Deggendorf, and Holocaust memorials. Printed materials include 1975 and 1991 Theresienstadt reunion programs, a 1992 article describing Henry Frank’s Holocaust experiences, and clippings about Auschwitz. Belsora Silberstein biographical materials include her 1939 ID, 1946 displaced persons camp ID, and a vaccination card. The collection also includes picture postc…
archival history: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
has or had subject: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/vocabularies/ehri-camps/2793
has or had some members with language: rus
has record set type: Item