us-005578-irn544143
conditions of access: No restrictions on access
date: before 1983
results or resulted from: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn544143/acquisitions/1
physical characteristics and technical requirements: a. Hand tefillin with a square, black painted, leather box (batim) with smooth sides. The box is centered on a black painted, square, four-layered leather platform, which is sewn together with gut from kosher animals (giddin). The platform has a triangular, notched back with an opening through which a long looped black painted leather strap (retzu’ot) is threaded and knotted on one side. The underside of the strap is unfinished and it is coiled around itself. The interior of the box likely contains a piece of parchment (parshiyot) with four Hebrew prayers written in ink. The bottom of platform is unpainted, and paint is worn/abraded on the top of the platform and around the edges of the box. b. Small, cube shaped, removable cardboard cover for a tefillin. Adhered to the exterior of the cube is yellow paper printed with black ink. Printed on each side is a geometric decorative border with a line of Hebrew text between two dotted lines in the center and a small Star of David above. Printed on the top are two short lines of Hebrew text at the center, surrounded by a thin line square, a border of small circles, and a geometric border. The interior sides of the cube are lined with a loose-weave black fabric and the top is unlined. The exterior edges and corners are very worn and two sides have small losses. c. Head tefillin with a square, black pained leather box (batim) constructed of four leather panels with an embossed Hebrew letter Shin on the left and right sides; the right Shin has four strokes. The box is centered on a black painted, square, three-layered leather platform, which is sewn together with gut from kosher animals (giddin). The platform has a triangular, notched back with an opening through which a long knotted black painted leather strap (retzu’ot) is threaded. The underside of the strap is unfinished. The box interior is divided into four sections, likely containing four parchment scrolls (parshiyot) inscribed with Hebrew prayers written in ink. The bl…
title: Pair of tefillin and pouch owned by a Polish Jewish immigrant
has or had subject: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/vocabularies/ehri-terms/819
identifier: irn544143
has or had some members with language: heb
scope and content: A pair of tefillin with cardboard covers and pouch, owned by Max Zuckerman, a Polish Jewish immigrant who left Poland in 1923. Tefillin are small boxes containing prayers attached to leather straps and worn by Orthodox Jewish males during morning prayers. One of eleven siblings born in the town of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, Max left to escape growing antisemitism, violent pogroms, and persecution by non-Jewish populations. He immigrated to Brazil where he worked as a peddler until he saved enough money to immigrate to the United States. Max wrote to his family to implore them to leave Poland and join him in the United States, even offering to pay for their fare. His father declined the offer, and German soldiers invaded and occupied the town on September 7, 1939. Between 1939 and 1944, most of the 16,000 Jewish residents were either forcibly transported to Treblinka killing center, killed in Ostrowiec, or conscripted into forced labor. Max’s parents, nine of his siblings, and their families were killed during the Holocaust. The only family members that survived were his sister, Mala, and four of her daughters, who were liberated from a Gross-Rosen subcamp in May 1945 and immigrated to the United States in 1948.
biographical history: Max Zuckerman (1904-1983) was born to Chaim Wolfe (?-1942) and Dvora (?-1942) Cukerman in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, Poland, south of Radom. He had eight brothers—including Berish, Pincus, and Shlomo—and two sisters, Mala (later Kiejsman/Kazman, 1897-1979) and Sara (later Nusbaum, 1915-1942). Prior to World War II, over a third of Ostrowiec’s population was Jewish, most whom were Orthodox, such as the Cukermans. In the early 1900s, antisemitism was on the rise in Ostrowiec, and hostility towards Jews intensified. In 1923, Max and his cousin, Joe Glatt, immigrated to Brazil to escape the antisemitism and violent pogroms. There, they worked as peddlers until they saved enough money to immigrate to the United States. Max wrote to his family to implore them to leave Poland and join him in the United States, even offering to pay for their fare. His father, Chaim, declined the offer, after consulting with the local rabbi, who claimed that the family would lose their Jewish heritage if they left. The family was still in Poland when Germany invaded on September 1, 1939, and reached Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski on September 7. The soldiers plundered homes and businesses, and forced the Jewish population to hand over much of their personal property and food. They also subjected the Jewish population to regular beatings, dog attacks, hangings, and shootings. The Germans ordered the establishment of a Jewish Council to facilitate the provision of forced laborers and other demands. In April 1940, Max’s brother, Pincus, was conscripted for forced labor in Częstochowa, Poland, and during the summer, the SS selected a group of young men to send to the forced labor camps near Lublin. Restrictions for the Jewish population continued to tighten, and in April 1941, the Germans ordered the creation of an unfenced Jewish ghetto. 16,000 Jews were forced to move into an area 1.5 square miles in size. Poor sanitary conditions lead to a typhus outbreak in May. Periodically, groups of younger Jews w…
archival history: The tefillin and pouch were donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2016 by Barbara Zuckerman Cooper, the daughter of Max Zuckerman.
has record set type: Item
record resource extent: a: Height: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Width: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Depth: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm) b: Height: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Depth: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) c: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Width: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Depth: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm) d: Height: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Depth: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) e: Height: 9.000 inches (22.86 cm) | Width: 6.250 inches (15.875 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) f: Width: 63.000 inches (160.02 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm)
has or had identifier: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn544143/alternateIDs/1
type: RecordSet
has or had holder: us-005578