us-005578-irn54256-irn61047
has beginning date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1944-01-01
has end date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1944-12-31
title: Hungarian 5 pengo paper note issued by the Soviet Army owned by a Hungarian Jewish youth and former concentration camp inmate
is or was included in: us-005578-irn54256
scope and content: Soviet Army occupation currency, value Öt (five) pengo, that belonged to Ladislav Glattstein. The note was issued by the Soviet Army during its occupation of Hungary in 1944. Ladislav, 18, and his family lived in Munkacs, Czechoslovakia (Mukacheve, Ukraine), when it was annexed by Hungary in fall 1938. In 1942, Ladislav was conscripted into a Hungarian forced labor battalion. He was sent to Nagybana labor camp, and, in 1944, to the Ukraine and Balf labor camp. In January 1945, Ladislav was transported to Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria, and in March, via death march to Gunskirchen subcamp which was liberated by the US Third Army on May 5, 1945. Ladislav's father Julius and his sisters, Edith and Klari, were deported to Auschwitz in May 1944; only Edith survived. Ladislav emigrated to El Paso, Texas, with the assistance of his maternal grandparents and uncles in June 1946.
history: The pengo bank note was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2012 by Stuart Blaugrund and Cynthia Gladstone.
has record set type: Item
conditions of access: No restrictions on access
has or had some members with language: hun
record resource extent: overall: Height: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) | Width: 5.125 inches (13.018 cm)
has or had holder: us-005578
type: RecordSet
physical characterisitics and technical requirements: Öt (5) pengo occupation paper currency on offwhite paper printed with blue and red ink. The face has an intricate background latticework pattern. The foreground design is a rectangle with an ornate, layered, geometric and swirl pattern. Within the rectangle are several lines of Hungarian text with the denomination ÖT PENGO in the center, flanked by the numeric denomination 5 in bold, stylized font. The reverse has the latticework background. Inthe center is a rectangular design formed by 2 bands with an ornate geometric and circular pattern joined by 2 large, ornately patterned ovals with the numeric, patterned denomination 5 in the center. There is Hungarian text in the center of the rectangle. The date appears within a diamond in the lower band. The scrip is worn, creased, and discolored.
history: Ladislav Glattstein (later Larry Gladstone) was born on September 26, 1922, in Vysna Kamenica, Czechoslovakia, (now Slovakia), the only son of Julius, born 1884, and Anna Blaugrund Glattstein. He was born in the same house where his great-grandfather was born in 1828. His father’s family was Jewish Orthodox and prosperous from forestry, livestock, and farming. Julius was an innkeeper and teacher, and a World War I veteran. His only brother left for America after that war. Anna had six brothers: Joe, b. 1884, and Herman, Max, Sigmund, David, b. 1903, and Maurice, b. 1907. One brother immigrated to El Paso, Texas, in 1903. The others joined him and they operated several retail furniture stores. Ladislav had two sisters: Edith, born November 11, 1924, and Klari, born in 1929. Around 1930, they moved from their small village where they were the only Jews, to Mukacevo (now Mukacheve, Ukraine), partly for its educational opportunities. Ladislav attended a Zionist oriented school, taught all in Hebrew. His main language was Slovak, but he was fluent in German and Hungarian. His father taught religion in the public schools where it was a required subject. In 1938, Ladislav’s grandparents, Ignatz (Isaac) and Hany (Chaya) Ungar Blaugrund, left for El Paso. Ladislav’s mother Anna died in 1938 after a long illness. In September 1938, Germany annexed the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia, and Hungary annexed the Supcarpathian Rus, which included Mukacevo. Hungary had anti-Jewish laws similar to the Nuremberg racial laws of its close ally, Nazi Germany. By 1940, when Ladislav graduated high school, Jews could not attend university and he began tutoring in Hebrew, Latin, and math. Jewish males were not accepted into the army, but many were conscripted into forced labor battalions, which were controlled by the army. In summer 1941, Hungary joined in the German invasion of the Soviet Union. By 1943, Ladislav was in a forced labor battalion, digging ditches for communication cables and r…
results or resulted from: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn54256-irn61047/acquisitions/1
conditions of use: No restrictions on use
has or had identifier: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn54256-irn61047/alternateIDs/1
identifier: irn61047