us-005578-irn523520-irn538408
type: RecordSet
archival history: The badge was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2015 by Ilona Winograd Barkal.
biographical history: Ilona Winograd was born in the Łódź Ghetto on German occupied Poland on January 15, 1940, to Bajla (Bella) Kozak and Marcus Marek Winograd. Bajla was born on December 12, 1909, and was a Strasbourg educated bacteriologist. Marcus, born on May 18, 1903, was a textile engineer. Thier families lived next door to each other. Bella's family had a newspaper distribution business and Marek's family ran a clothing store. The couple married on February 2, 1938. Germany invaded and occupied Poland in early September 1939. In February, the families were forced into a Jewish ghetto. Bella and Marek lived with their extended family, including Ilona’s paternal grandparents, Luba and Nuchem, maternal grandparents, Ita and Moshe, and three maternal uncles, Szmul, (1910-1944), Fabian, (1907-1943), and Izio, d. 1941. Marcus worked for the Jewish Council and was in charge of housing. Bajla worked as a bacteriologist in the laboratory at 3 Zgierska Street. From September 5-12, 1942, 12,000 Jews were deported to Chelmno extermination camp during the Gehsperre Aktion. The ghetto hospital was closed, and the patients were the first to be deported, followed by the elderly, the infirm, and children. Ilona was two and a half years old, but was exempted from deportation because she was the child of a Jewish Council essential employee. During the Aktion, each exempted child was issued a round, wooden tag with their name and required to wear it around their neck. The group of 226 children were hidden in the hospital on Lagiewnicka Street, until the Aktion ended. In August 1944, as the ghetto was being emptied of all residents through mass deportations, the Winograd family was permitted to stay until October. On October 21, 1944, a group of 600 Jews, including Ilona and her parents, known as Biebow's Jews, after the Nazi administrator of the ghetto, Hans Biebow, were taken to Konigs Wusterhausen concentration camp, near Berlin. Ilona and Bella were transported to Ravensbrück concentration camp …
physical characteristics and technical requirements: Rectangular, discolored and soiled white cotton patch with a hand-applied, yellow bar above an inverted red triangle next to the prisoner number 14354 in black ink. There are brown stains in the center. All edges are frayed. The long edges are pressed over to the back. The short edges have a deep crease with a line of pin holes, possibly from being folded and pinned to clothing. front, hand applied, black ink : 14354
conditions of access: No restrictions on access
has or had holder: us-005578
has or had identifier: 1
has or had subject: 513
has record set type: Item
identifier: irn538408
is or was included in: us-005578-irn523520
record resource extent: overall: Height: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) | Width: 7.750 inches (19.685 cm)
results or resulted from: 1
scope and content: Prisoner identification patch owned by Ilona Winograd and believed to be the one worn by her mother Bella when they were imprisoned in Ravensbrück concentration camp from October 1944-May 1945. Germany occupied Poland in September 1939. Her parents Bella and Marek lived in Łódź and were imprisoned in the ghetto where Ilona was born in 1940. On September 5-12, 1942, the Germans conducted a mass deportation, targeting hospital patients, the elderly, and children; over 12,000 people were deported to Chelmno killing center. Ilona was not included in the round-up because she was the child of an essential Jewish Council employee; her father was in charge of ghetto housing. With other children, Ilona was hidden in a hospital until the Aktion ended. When the ghetto was liquidated in October 1944, Ilona and her mother were sent to Ravensbrück and her father was sent to Oranienburg. They were reunited when the war ended in May 1945. They walked back to Łódź and searched unsuccessfully for relatives. They left for Sweden in 1946 because of postwar antisemitism.
title: Prisoner badge with a yellow bar over a red triangle and 14354 worn by a female inmate