us-005578-irn522539-irn522540
conditions of access: No restrictions on access
is or was included in: us-005578-irn522539
type: RecordSet
results or resulted from: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn522539-irn522540/acquisitions/1
physical characterisitics and technical requirements: a. Black square-shaped metal typewriter with a keyboard of circular white letters, numbers, and symbol keys. It has a black cartridge and ribbon. There is a black cylindrical tube horizontally attached to the top with gold painted English text. b. Rectangular wooden typewriter cover with adhered green, coated cloth, made to resemble leather, that slopes downward from the back ot the front. On the front center, a green treated cloth covered plastic handle is attached by loop rings to metal plates. Below is a lock plate with a keyhole and a latch which would insert into a platform on which the typewriter sits. On the back upright side are rounded metal feet. The interior is lined with textured green paper and has rectangular top corner supports. The back panel has beveled edges and a groove along the bottom long edge where the typewriter base would be inserted. The exterior edges are worn.
has or had holder: us-005578
has or had identifier: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn522539-irn522540/alternateIDs/1
has record set type: Item
scope and content: Continental typewriter with wooden cover used by Pastor Martin Niemoeller to prepare his sermons before and after World War II. When the Nazi Party came to power in 1933, Niemoeller was a Lutheran pastor in Berlin-Dahlem. In September 1933, Niemoeller helped found the Pastor's Emergency League to protest Nazi interference in church affairs and the attacks on Christians of Jewish origin. In May 1934, he helped found a new Protestant church in Germany, the Bekennende Kirche (the Confessing Church) and was barred from preaching by the government. Recognizing that the new government was a dictatorship, Niemoeller traveled around Germany preaching against the Nazis. He was arrested several times and, in July 1937, was imprisoned in Berlin for nearly eight months. He was convicted of treason, but his sentence equalled time already served. In February 1938, Niemoeller rejected the terms of his release and was placed by the Gestapo in protective detention and sent to Sachsenhausen concentration camp, where he was again kept in solitary confinement. In 1941, he was sent to Dachau concentration camp, where he was housed with Catholic dissenters and permitted access to books. In 1945, he was transferred to Tirol, Austria, where he was liberated by American troops on May 5. After the war, he became president of the Hesse-Nassau Lutheran Church. He also began a world tour where he preached of the collective guilt of all Germans for World War II.
history: Friedrich Gustav Emil Martin Niemoeller was born on January 14, 1892, in Lippstadt, Germany, to Heinrich and Paula Muller Niemoeller. His father was a Lutheran pastor. In 1910, Martin became a cadet in the Imperial German Navy. During World War I (1914-1918), Niemoeller was assigned to a U-Boat, and eventually appointed commander. The November 1918 armistice required naval commanders to turn over their U-Boats to Great Britain. Niemoeller, like many others, refused to do so and was discharged from the Navy. He married Else Bruner on April 20, 1919. In 1920, Niemoeller began seminary training at the University of Muenster. He was politically active, pro-monarchist , and a fervent nationalist. He believed that the Treaty of Versailles that ended the war, and the government that signed it, had crippled Germany. Niemoeller supported the unsuccessful Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch in 1920 that attempted to overthrow the government. In 1923, Niemoeller took a position with the Lutheran Home Mission of Westphalia, a social welfare organization. In 1924, he was ordained. In 1931, he became pastor of Saint Anne's Church, in a wealthy parish in the Berlin suburb of Dahlem. Niemoeller expressed his political activism in his sermons, espousing his strong nationalism, his belief that the Weimar government and the Versailles treaty had fragmented German society, and the need for a strong leader to unify Germany. His views aligned with those of the increasingly popular Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist Party which also denounced the treaty, called for a renewal of nationalism, and advocated the importance of Christianity in restoring national morality. Niemoeller voted for the Nazis in the 1924 Prussian state elections and in the March 1933 national parliamentary elections, the last elections held in prewar Germany, which consolidated the new Nazi government under Hitler. To protest the Nazi regime’s interference in church affairs and the attacks on Christians of Jewish origin, Niemoe…
date: approximately 1930-1939
identifier: irn522540
history: The typewriter with cover was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2004 by Sibylle Niemoeller, the wife of Martin Niemoeller.
title: Continental typewriter with a green wooden cover used by Martin Niemoeller
record resource extent: a: Height: 4.500 inches (11.43 cm) | Width: 12.200 inches (30.988 cm) | Depth: 12.250 inches (31.115 cm) b: Height: 6.625 inches (16.827 cm) | Width: 13.625 inches (34.608 cm) | Depth: 16.500 inches (41.91 cm)
has or had some members with language: eng
conditions of use: No restrictions on use