us-005578-irn521888-irn522122
has or had subject: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/vocabularies/ehri-terms/843
has end date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1944-12-31
has or had identifier: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn521888-irn522122/alternateIDs/1
history: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
identifier: irn522122
has or had some members with language: fra
history: Johanna (Hanne) Eva Hirsch was born on November 28, 1924, in Karlsruhe, Germany, to Jewish parents, Max and Ella. Max was a photographer and operated a photographic studio. When Max died in 1925, Elle continued to operate the studio. In 1930, Hanna entered the public elementary school. In January 1933, Hitler became Chancellor of German and anti-Jewish repressions intensified throughout the country. The Hirsch studio and other Jewish businesses in Karlsruhe were covered with signs telling people not to use Jewish stores. Hanne was taunted by classmates for being a Jew and, once, became so angry she ripped the sweater of her tormentor. Ironically, the photo studio had an upsurge of business after the November 9-10 Kristallnacht pogrom as Jews were required to get new identification cards marked “J” for Jew. The studio and all other Jewish businesses were ordered to shut down on December 31, 1939. In October 1940, Hanne and Ella were deported to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France near the Spanish border. While in the camp, Hanne met Max Liebmann, born in 1921 in Mannheim, Germany, who had been deported to Gurs with his mother on October 22, 1940. Hanne heard about a pastor in the nearby village, Le Chambon, who helped get children out of the camp. He worked with a Jewish rescue agency, Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE/ Aid to Children). In September 1941, OSE rescued Hanne from Gurs where they had begun to deport prisoners to the concentration camps in Poland. Hanne was hidden in a children’s' home in Le Chambon-sur-Lignon run by Albert Bohny. By 1942, the Germans were beginning to round-up Jews in the southern countryside and Hanne was placed in hiding on two different farms, whose owners generously shared what they had with the refugees. In 1943, Hanne obtained false papers in Le Chambon as a French girl and the underground arranged to help her get to Switzerland where she had a maternal aunt. With an escort from the underground, Hanne journeyed by train from Lyon to An…
scope and content: The papers consists of documents and correspondence relating to the experiences of Johanna Hirsch Liebmann living under Nazi rule in Karlsruhe, Germany, her family's deportation to Camp de Gurs in southern France, and her escape and travels through Le Chambon-sur-Lignon, France, to Switzerland.
record resource extent: folder 1
results or resulted from: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn521888-irn522122/acquisitions/1
has beginning date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1940-01-01
type: RecordSet
title: Johanna Hirsch Liebmann papers
has or had holder: us-005578
has record set type: Item
is or was included in: us-005578-irn521888