us-005578-irn513880-irn513891
type: RecordSet
has or had identifier: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn513880-irn513891/alternateIDs/1
is or was included in: us-005578-irn513880
has or had holder: us-005578
physical characteristics and technical requirements: Drawing in ink on paper depicting a Nazi officer milking on a cow on a large rectangular float. The officer has large ears and small eyes and wears glasses, a uniform, and a hat with a skull and crossbones. He is seated on a stool and holding a container with a swastika in his lap. A tube extends from the container to a machine that is milking an emaciated cow. The cow is standing in the center with its rear to the viewer, looking over its shoulder at the Nazi. In front of the cow is a short barbed wire fence. A chicken is lying on the ground in front of the fence, saying “Für mich reicht et foder nit!” There is a wooden wall along the left side with a slanted roof above. In the background, there is a building with a peaked roof and a swastika on the front, with 2 large birds perched on top. To the right is a pig standing upright, wearing a coat and helmet and carrying a gun with a bayonet. There are 2 chickens flying above. The artwork title is written on the side of the float. front, upper right corner, red pencil : VII. front, upper center, pencil: L sp back, upper center, red pencil : VII. back, lower left corner, stamped, black ink : Nachlaß Karl Schwesig [Estate Karl Schwesig]
date: 1938 February
has or had some members with language: deu
results or resulted from: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn513880-irn513891/acquisitions/1
scope and content: Satirical ink drawing created by Karl Schwesig in February 1938 in Antwerp, depicting Himmler measuring the udder of a cow with a milking machine. It is part of a series of eight satirical drawings published in an illegal newspaper, the Kolner Rosenmontags-Zeitung (Cologne Rose Monday Newspaper). The newspaper was printed in Cologne and distributed at the Cologne Carnival on Rose Monday before Lent in early 1938. The printer was unable to smuggle the dangerous drawings out of Germany, so he kept them in his shop, where they were damaged by a fire during the war. After Hitler came to power in January 1933, Schwesig, a Communist, was arrested and imprisoned for 16 months. After his release in 1935, he lived in Antwerp, Belgium. On May 10, 1940, Germany invaded Belgium. Schwesig was arrested and sent to Vichy France, where he was held in St. Cyprien, Gurs, Noe, and Nexon internment camps. In 1943, he was sent to Ulmer Hoeh prison in Dusseldorf, where he was liberated by American forces in April 1945.
conditions of access: No restrictions on access
biographical history: Karl Schwesig was born on June 19, 1898, in Gelsenkirchen, Germany. His father was a miner. From 1916 to 1918, Schwesig served in the German Army during the First World War (1914-1918). In 1918, Schwesig began studying at the Academy of Fine Arts in Dusseldorf. In 1921, he left the conservative academy and joined the Junge Rhineland artist group. In 1924, Schwesig cofounded the satirical magazine Die Peitsche (The Whip). The right wing Nazi Party was growing rapidly in popularity duirng the 1920s and Schwesig was an outspoken anti-Nazi. He joined the Communist Party in the late 1920’s. Hitler came to power in Germany in January 1933 and the country was soon ruled by a Nazi dictatorship. On July 11, 1933, Schwesig was arrested for his anti-Nazi commentary. He was detained by the SA and interrogated for the names of colleagues who also resisted the Nazis. He was sent to Ulmer Höhe prison in Dusseldorf. In 1934, he was convicted of treason and served his sentence in Bendahl prison in Wuppertal. After his release on November 18, 1934, Schwesig was granted political asylum in Belgium and lived in Antwerp. In 1937, his German citizenship was revoked and his property in Germany was confiscated by the Nazi regime. On May 10, 1940, Germany invaded Belgium. Schwesig was arrested and deported to St. Cyprien internment camp in Vichy France. In October, he was moved to Gurs internment camp after St. Cyprien was destroyed by flooding. In February 1941, he was transferred to Noé internment camp. In March 1943, he was sent to Nexon internment camp and classified as a politcal prisoner. In June, Schwesig was sent to Fort Romainville prison in Paris and in July to Ulmer Höhe prison in Dusseldorf. Throughout his imprisonment, Schwesig drew images of daily life in the camps. Schwesig was liberated in Ulmer Höhe after American forces captured Dusseldorf on April 17, 1945. The war ended when Germany surrendered on May 7. Schwesig stayed in Dusseldorf. He died, age 57, in 1955.
archival history: The drawing was acquired by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1988.
identifier: irn513891
record resource extent: overall: Height: 10.625 inches (26.988 cm) | Width: 14.125 inches (35.878 cm)
conditions of use: No restrictions on use
has record set type: Item
title: Satirical drawing by Karl Schwesig depicting Nazi soldiers as pigs