us-005578-irn513021-irn513934
type: RecordSet
physical characterisitics and technical requirements: a. Small, circular, tin container lid with a rounded edge, painted gold on the exterior and silver on the interior. On the top center is a painted yellow circle with a portrait of a man with short hair, round glasses, and a serious expression. Twelve long black cones border the circle, with yellow text in the upper triangles and a yellow banner with black text over the lower triangles. b. Small, circular, tin container base, with an indented rim to support the lid and a recessed bottom. The tin was used to store red glass beads (2003.155.5). c-d 2 needles found in tin container
conditions of access: No restrictions on access
conditions of use: No restrictions on use
date: after 1942 November-before 1944 April, approximately 1946 August-1950
has or had holder: us-005578
has or had identifier: 3
has or had identifier: 4
has or had identifier: 2
has or had identifier: 1
has or had some members with language: nld
has record set type: Item
history: The container was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2003 by Louis de Groot, the brother of Rachel de Groot.
history: Rachel (Chelly) de Groot was born on August 8, 1927, in Amersfoort, Netherlands, to Meijer and Sophia Swaab de Groot. Chelly had a brother, Levie (Louis), born on June 28, 1929. Chelly’s father Meijer was born on October 9, 1897, in Utrecht, to Rachel Bloemendaal de Groot. Meijer had five siblings. Chelly’s mother Sophia was born on June 10, 1900, in Utrecht, to Meijer (1877-1934) and Heintje van Leeuwen (1878-1935) Swaab. Sophia had six siblings. In 1932, the family moved to Arnhem. Meijer owned a hardware and electrical appliance store. The family was comfortable but not wealthy. They attended synagogue weekly and observed every holiday. Chelly and Louis were members of a local Jewish youth organization. Meijer and Sophia were involved with the Jewish Refugee Committee and assisted Jews fleeing from Germany. After the Kristallnacht pogrom occurred in Germany and Austria in November 1938, they took in an Austrian Jewish Kindertransport refugee, Eva Haller. On May 10, 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands. Meijer found a taxi driver who was willing to take them to a port city in the west so they could go to England. They could not get out because the Dutch army had flooded the roads. The Netherlands surrendered on May 14. The German authorities gradually implemented anti-Semitic measures. Jews were no longer allowed to swim in public pools or go to the parks. They were only allowed to shop between 3 and 5 PM. In late 1940, Chelly’s paternal uncle Israel was arrested and jailed on suspicion of working with the resistance. He had a trial and was released in February 1941. Mass deportations began in July 1942. On November 16, 1942, Dutch police warned Chelly’s family that a raid was planned for that night. Chelly and Louis stayed the night with one of Meijer’s employees, Herman Lagenbach. Meijer and Sophia arranged to hide with a neighbor, but he refused to let them in the next day. They went to Hilversum, where Chelly’s paternal uncle Israel was in hiding. He had cont…
identifier: irn513934
is or was included in: us-005578-irn513021
record resource extent: a: Depth: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Diameter: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) b: Depth: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) | Diameter: 2.375 inches (6.033 cm)
results or resulted from: 1
scope and content: Ebro candy tin used by Rachel “Chelly” de Groot from November 1942 to April 1944 and recovered by her brother Louis after the war. Chelly used the box to store small red glass beads that she used to make handicrafts. Nazi Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, and implemented anti-Jewish restrictions. In July 1942, the Germans began mass deportations. On November 16, 1942, Chelly, 15, Louis, 13, and their parents Meijer and Sophia left Arnhem and went into hiding after the Dutch police warned them of a raid. Meijer and Sophia hid in Amsterdam while Chelly and Louis moved around to different locations. In summer or fall 1943, Chelly went to Amsterdam to live with her parents. In December, Louis was sent to Lemmer to live with the Onderweegs family. In February 1944, Dirk Onderweegs visited and offered to take Chelly to a safer hiding place. On April 8, 1944, four days before Dirk was to return, Chelly and her parents were denounced and arrested. They were sent to Westerbork transit camp, then to Auschwitz. Chelly and Sophia were killed upon arrival in Auschwitz on May 22, 1944. Meijer was selected for a work detail and was killed on September 30, 1944. Louis remained in hiding with Onderweegs until liberation in mid-April 1945.
title: Tin candy container and lid used to store beads by a Dutch Jewish girl in hiding