us-005578-irn50040-irn75
type: RecordSet
physical characterisitics and technical requirements: a. Ink drawing on paper depicting a railroad going through a barbed wire fence opening between two tree branch poles, and merging with a track on the right. There are patches of tall grass, and a man walking over the track junction near a short shack. The sky is full of dark clouds, sketched with harsh, curved lines. The location, artist’s initials, and date are in the lower right corner. b. Ink drawing on paper depicting two women in knee-high boots seen from the back walking in the muddy street between rows of buildings. They carry a bucket, one with her right hand and one with her left. They wear scarves, short jackets, and knee-length pants. Ahead of them on the right is a woman with a cane next to an electric pole. In the background are a barbed wire fence and a tall tree. The two women are darkly sketched with detail and the background is sketched lightly with less detail. a. front, bottom, right, black ink : Gurs 40
conditions of access: No restrictions on access
conditions of use: No restrictions on use
has beginning date: 1940-01-01
has end date: 1940-12-31
has or had holder: us-005578
has or had identifier: 1
has or had subject: 1980
has or had subject: 162
has record set type: Item
history: The drawing was acquired by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1988.
history: Lili Andrieux (1914-1996) was born Lili Sophie Abraham in Berlin, Germany, to Hans (1880-1955) and Margarete (nee Landau, 1887-1963) Abraham. She had two brothers, Joachim (1912-1958) and Peter (1916-1988), and a sister, Gabriele (later Nanda, 1928-2014). The Abrahams were a wealthy, assimilated Jewish family, and Hans was a respected notary or lawyer . On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany. Anti-Jewish decrees were passed that restricted every aspect of Jewish life. Despite this, that same year, Lili became the only Jewish woman admitted to the Hochschule fur Kunsterzeichnung (the State College for Art Education) in Berlin. Admittance to the school was based on portfolio work. In September 1935, the Nazis announced the Nuremberg Laws, which excluded Jews from citizenship and prohibited them from marrying or having relations with non-Jewish persons. This likely prompted Lili’s brother, Peter, to immigrate to England in 1936 and find work in leather tanning and shoe manufacturing. In the 1930s, the other members of her family also immigrated to England, where Margarete’s brother lived. Because of the laws, Lili was not permitted to take her final exams in 1937. In 1938, she went to Paris to continue her studies at the Ranson Academie and permanently adopted the French surname Andrieux. Britain and France declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939, two days after Germany invaded Poland. In November 1939, Lili’s brother, Peter, left England for Melbourne, Australia, and changed his name to Peter Landan. On May 7, 1940, Lili’s parents and her siblings, Joachim and Gabriele, sailed from England, to the United States. The family settled in Massachusetts, with the support of Hans Apel, a family friend from Berlin who had immigrated to the United States in 1937. Lili’s father obtained a research position at Harvard University, and Joachim worked as a gardener, farmer, and a stockman. German forces invaded France on May 10, 1940, and the fol…
identifier: irn75
is or was included in: us-005578-irn50040
record resource extent: a: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) b: Height: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) | Width: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm)
results or resulted from: 1
scope and content: Two ink drawings, one of railroad tracks, the other of woman carrying a bucket in Gurs internment camp by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewish refugees. Lili, originally from Berlin, moved to Paris in 1938. She was taken to Alençon in May 1940 and reached Gurs on June 4. From March 1941-September 1942, she was held in the Hotel Terminus in Marseilles waiting for a visa. She was then sent to Les Milles internment camp where she became ill with typhus. When she recovered, she escaped and, with the help of the resistance, lived in hiding until fall 1944, when the war ended in France. Lili was a translator for the US Army and US Graves Registration Command until immigrating to America in September 1946.
title: Two-sided drawing of railroad tracks and women carrying a bucket by a German Jewish internee