us-005578-irn43890-irn58664
history: The scrip was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2012 by Harold Minuskin.
title: Soviet Union, 10 chervonets note, kept by a Polish Jewish refugee to the US
has end date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1937-12-31
scope and content: Soviet bank note for 10 chervonets acquired by 8 year old Henikel (Harold) Minuskin before he and his family left Germany for the US in 1946. Henikel lived in Zhetel (Zdieciol) Poland (Dziatlava, Belarus), with his parents Shlamke and Shanke, and his younger brother Kalmanke. In June 1941, when he was three years old, Zhekel was occupied by Nazi Germany. The Jews of the town were violently persecuted and over 120 prominent community members, including Henikel's uncle Leib, were shot. On February 22, 1942, all Jews were forcibly relocated to a ghetto. That August, the Germans began preparations to liquidate the ghetto. His father escaped to the nearby forest and joined the Jewish partisan resistance. His mother took the two brothers to an underground hiding place. After three days, they escaped to the forest. His father found them hiding in a root cellar and brought them to live with the Lenin Partisan Brigade in the Lipichanski forest in Poland (Bialowieza Forest (Poland and Belarus) from 1942-1944. The area was liberated by the Soviet Army in September 1944. When the war ended in May 1945, the family went to Zeilsheim displaced persons camp in Germany. With the assistance of the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS), the family emigrated to the United States, arriving in New York on September 6, 1946.
physical characterisitics and technical requirements: Rectangular bank note on white paper with Russian text. The face has a black inked rectangular, swirl patterned frame with the denomination 10 printed in scalloped corner medallions; the text denomination ДECЯTЬ is printed within the top border. On the left is a large scalloped medallion with the denomination 10 in white on a black background. On the left is an oval medallion with a portrait of Lenin in a suit. The center of the rectangle is white with a faint black ДECЯTЬ [Ten] in the center with a superimposed ДECЯTЬ ЧEPBOHЦEB [ten chervonets]. There is text above and below. On the upper left is the Soviet hammer, sickle, and star emblem within a wreath. The serial number 087902 PЛ is printed on the upper right and lower left. The reverse has a black, straight edged, patterned border with the numerical denomination 10 in scalloped corner medallions. A large 10 is printed in the center with the date 1937 below on a faint, ornate, swirled background design in purple, orange, and blue ink. On the left and right are 5 lines of text stating 10 Chervonet in 10 languages. The note is ceased, torn, and repaired with tape on the reverse.
has or had holder: us-005578
has or had identifier: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn43890-irn58664/alternateIDs/1
type: RecordSet
has record set type: Item
is or was included in: us-005578-irn43890
identifier: irn58664
has or had some members with language: rus
history: Henikel (Henach) Minuskin was born on July 22, 1938, to Shlamke, born on March 12, 1905, and Shanke Orlinsky Minuskin, born on September 17, 1914. He had one brother, Kalmanke, born on August 17, 1940. All of the family members were born in Zhetel, Poland (Dziatlava, Belarus). They lived in a home built by his father and his four brothers. Shlamke owned a bus transportation business. Shanke was trained as a hairdresser and manicurist. On September 17, 1939, the Soviets invaded and occupied eastern Poland, and Zhetel came under Soviet control. Shortly after the invasion, Shlamke prepared a secret hiding place under the outhouse in the backyard. On June 30, 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union and occupied Zhetel. The persecution of Jews became increasingly violent and on July 23, 1941, German mobile killing units murdered about 120 prominent members of the Jewish community, including Harold’s maternal uncle, Leib Orlinsky. On February 22, 1942, the Germans put up posters ordering all Jews to move into the ghetto which was established in the area where Harold’s family lived. They had to share their home with several others. On August 6, 1942, the Germans began the final liquidation of the ghetto. Shlamke was rounded up during the massacre and locked with hundreds of others in the synagogue. He was able to hide in the rafters in the midst of the confusion. After two days, he escaped into the Belorussian forest and joined the Jewish partisan resistance. During this time, Henik, Kalmanke, Sonia, and eight others hid in the underground hiding place. After three days, Shanke decided to flee with her sons to the nearby forest. Harold’s grandmother, Rivka Orlinsky, suffered from poor eyesight, so an aunt remained behind with her. Both were captured by the Germans and shot and killed the following day. Shanke and the boys received shelter and food from some peasants and farmers that Shanke knew, but many were afraid of the Germans and would not help. They slept in ditches a…
has beginning date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1937-01-01
record resource extent: overall: Height: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm) | Width: 7.500 inches (19.05 cm)
date: approximately 1946
results or resulted from: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn43890-irn58664/acquisitions/1
conditions of access: No restrictions on access
conditions of use: No restrictions on use