us-005578-irn43890-irn58661
has or had holder: us-005578
conditions of access: No restrictions on access
identifier: irn58661
physical characteristics and technical requirements: German bank note in rectangular offwhite paper in black and blue ink. The face has an interlocked oval patterned background with a narrow geometric border. In the top center is an underprint of the denomination 100, followed by an O with a strikethrough. Across the center is a crowned sinister facing eagle with outstretched wings, with a shield breastplate. Superimposed over the eagle is German fraktur text, including the denomination Ein Hundert Mark, and on the lower left, the denomination 100. The serial number is printed vertically on each side. On the upper and lower right is the bank seal with the Imperial eagle. The back has a diamond patterned background within a frame with a geometric outer border and a narrow inner border enclosing the repeating phrase, 100 MARK BANKNOTE. The serial number and letter is printed at the top and bottom center. The numerical denomination 100 is printed diagonally in scrolled banners in each upper corner. In the center is a large medallion with scrolled borders with a portrait of a middle aged woman, with long flowing hair, crowned with a floral wreath. Two young women in draped gowns are posed on each side. The woman on the left has a helmet, a crystal formation, and a mallet at her feet; the woman on the right has grain sheaves, fruit, and flowers. The note is discolored and creased.
date: 1908 February 07, approximately 1946
conditions of use: No restrictions on use
has record set type: Item
is or was included in: us-005578-irn43890
has or had some members with language: deu
archival history: The bank note was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2012 by Harold Minuskin.
type: RecordSet
biographical history: Henikel (Henach) Minuskin was born on July 22, 1938, to Shlamke, born on March 12, 1905, and Shanke Orlinsky Minuskin, born on September 17, 1914. He had one brother, Kalmanke, born on August 17, 1940. All of the family members were born in Zhetel, Poland (Dziatlava, Belarus). They lived in a home built by his father and his four brothers. Shlamke owned a bus transportation business. Shanke was trained as a hairdresser and manicurist. On September 17, 1939, the Soviets invaded and occupied eastern Poland, and Zhetel came under Soviet control. Shortly after the invasion, Shlamke prepared a secret hiding place under the outhouse in the backyard. On June 30, 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union and occupied Zhetel. The persecution of Jews became increasingly violent and on July 23, 1941, German mobile killing units murdered about 120 prominent members of the Jewish community, including Harold’s maternal uncle, Leib Orlinsky. On February 22, 1942, the Germans put up posters ordering all Jews to move into the ghetto which was established in the area where Harold’s family lived. They had to share their home with several others. On August 6, 1942, the Germans began the final liquidation of the ghetto. Shlamke was rounded up during the massacre and locked with hundreds of others in the synagogue. He was able to hide in the rafters in the midst of the confusion. After two days, he escaped into the Belorussian forest and joined the Jewish partisan resistance. During this time, Henik, Kalmanke, Sonia, and eight others hid in the underground hiding place. After three days, Shanke decided to flee with her sons to the nearby forest. Harold’s grandmother, Rivka Orlinsky, suffered from poor eyesight, so an aunt remained behind with her. Both were captured by the Germans and shot and killed the following day. Shanke and the boys received shelter and food from some peasants and farmers that Shanke knew, but many were afraid of the Germans and would not help. They slept in ditches a…
has or had identifier: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn43890-irn58661/alternateIDs/1
scope and content: Imperial German bank note for 100 marks acquired by 8 year old Henikel (Harold) Minuskin before he and his family left Germany for the US in 1946. The note was issued in Imperial Germany in 1908. This note has a green seal which indicates it was printed post World War I (1914-1918.) Henikel lived in Zhetel (Zdieciol) Poland (Dziatlava, Belarus), with his parents Shlamke and Shanke, and his younger brother Kalmanke. In June 1941, when he was three years old, Zhekel was occupied by Nazi Germany. The Jews of the town were violently persecuted and over 120 prominent community members, including Henikel's uncle Leib, were shot. On February 22, 1942, all Jews were forcibly relocated to a ghetto. That August, the Germans began preparations to liquidate the ghetto. His father escaped to the nearby forest and joined the Jewish partisan resistance. His mother took the two brothers to an underground hiding place. After three days, they escaped to the forest. His father found them hiding in a root cellar and brought them to live with the Lenin Partisan Brigade in the Lipichanski forest in Poland (Bialowieza Forest (Poland and Belarus) from 1942-1944. The area was liberated by the Soviet Army in September 1944. When the war ended in May 1945, the family went to Zeilsheim displaced persons camp in Germany. With the assistance of the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS), the family emigrated to the United States, arriving in New York on September 6, 1946.
results or resulted from: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn43890-irn58661/acquisitions/1
record resource extent: overall: Height: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm) | Width: 6.250 inches (15.875 cm)
title: Imperial Germany Reichsbanknote, 100 marks, kept by a Polish Jewish refugee