us-005578-irn36091-irn78868
is or was included in: us-005578-irn36091
has or had identifier: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn36091-irn78868/alternateIDs/1
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has record set type: Item
type: RecordSet
conditions of use: No restrictions on use
results or resulted from: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn36091-irn78868/acquisitions/1
scope and content: Two-sided pencil drawing of a woman with a veil and gown created by Ilona Goldman. On the back is an unfinished sketch of a bearded man in a mitre and fur trimmed outfit, possibly Kris Kringle or a priest. During the war, Ilona lived in hiding from 1942-1944. In spring 1942, Ilona was separated from her parents and placed with the Polish peasant family of Hania Seremet, who agreed to hide her for a fee. Drawings were the only way for the talkative child, not yet able to write, to communicate with her parents. After Nazi Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, lona with her parents, Salomon and Gusta, fled Krakow for Soviet controlled Lvov (Lviv, Ukraine). When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, the family was forced into the Jewish ghetto where Salomon worked as an accountant at a meat rendering factory owned by the Wehrmacht. In spring 1942, fearing the liquidation of the ghetto, Salomon arranged a hiding place for them outside the ghetto with a former employee, Jozef Jozak. However, he would not hide Ilona because it would be too hard to conceal a lively 4 year-old. Ilona was smuggled to the countryside and placed in hiding as a Christian child with a Polish woman paid to hide her. After 6 months, Salomon could no longer pay for her care, so Ilona was brought back to live in their hiding place, without the knowledge of the Jozak family. Ilona had to stay most of this time locked in a closet with only her drawings and the medical textbooks left by a previous tenant. The family lived in hiding until the Soviet Army liberated the city in July 1944. When the war ended in May 1945, they returned to Krakow.
history: Ilona (Alona) Goldman (later Frankel) was born on June 27, 1937, to Gusta and Salomon Goldman in Krakow, Poland. Salomon was born in 1901 in Bochnia and had two brothers. Gusta was born in 1904 in Oswieczim and had five brothers and sisters. Both her parents were communists, an association that was illegal at the time. Salomon and Gusta married in 1936 and live in a lavish villa Salomon had built in Bochnia. He ran a successful construction supply business and the family lived comfortably, with servants and a nanny. In September 1939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland. The family fled to Lwow (Lviv, Ukraine) in the Russian-occupied section of eastern Poland. Her father worked as the chief accountant in a tannery/slaughterhouse factory. In June 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union. The Jews in Lwow were forced into the ghetto. The factory where her father worked came under the control of the SS, but he retained his job. The manager, Herr Knaup, designated Salomon an essential employee which offered some protection from deportation. He also allowed the family to live in an alcove attached to the factory. Salomon would hide leftover blood and entrails from the slaughterhouse for the other Jewish workers. They would drink the coagulated blood right away and wrap the entrails around their bodies under their clothes to smuggle back into the ghetto. At some point, the Goldmans had to move into the ghetto. During one round-up, Gusta and Ilona were placed on a transport for the camps, but someone told Salomon and the boss from the factory, Bulani, came and got them released. In March 1942, the Germans began deporting Jews from the ghetto to Belzec extermination camp. At some point, Salomon was arrested and taken to Janowska camp. He was tortured for two days, and then released. Salomon constructed a hiding place in their room that you reached by crawling through the stove. There was an aktion to clear the ghetto of children and when Gusta found Ilona, they hid there with several…
has or had some members with language: pol
has or had holder: us-005578
identifier: irn78868
history: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum The drawing was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2009 by Alona Frankel.
title: For Mama Double-sided drawing of a beautiful costumed woman and a costumed man sketched by a hidden child
date: approximately 1945
record resource extent: overall: Height: 8.250 inches (20.955 cm) | Width: 4.250 inches (10.795 cm)
physical characterisitics and technical requirements: Child's 2-sided pencil drawing on brown paper with unevenly torn edges. The front has a full length drawing of a dark eyed woman with a happy expression and long, dark, curly hair, wearing a flowing headscarf and shawl, and a floor length puffed gown with a ruffled hem. There is a message handwritten in Polish to the left. On the reverse is an image, upside down relative to the front, of a man with a white beard and mustache, wearing a mitre, a decorated, pointed hat, and an outfit with a wide, spotted collar and cuffs. front, cursive, pencil : Dla / mamusi / od / ilusi [For Mama from Ilusi]