us-005578-irn36091-irn38004
has or had identifier: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn36091-irn38004/alternateIDs/1
identifier: irn38004
scope and content: Embroidered work pass with a green border inside a plastic holder worn by Salomon Goldman to exit and return to the Lvov ghetto in German occupied Poland from 1941-43, for his job as an accountant at a slaughterhouse and tanning factory. He and his wife Gusta and daughter Ilona fled Krakow for Russian controlled Lvov (Lviv, Ukraine), soon after the German invasion in September 1939. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941 and occupied Lvov, the Wehrmacht took over the factory. After several months, Salomon and his family were forced to move into the Jewish ghetto. In the spring of 1942, fearing liquidation of the ghetto, Salomon was offered a hiding place by a former employee, Jozef Jozak. His Russian Orthodox wife Rozalie did not want them in their home and they would not hide Ilona because they thought it would be too hard to conceal a lively 2 year-old child. Ilona was smuggled out to the countryside and placed in hiding as a Christian child with a Polish woman, Hania Seremet, paid to hide her. After 6 months, they could no longer pay for her care, and Hania dumped Ilona back with her parents, without the knowledge of the Jozak family. The three had to stay hidden nearly all the time in one small room. The family lived in hiding until the Soviet Army liberated the city in July 1944. When the was ended in May 1945, they returned to Krakow.
history: The work pass was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2009 by Alona Frankel, the daughter of Gusta and Salomon Goldman.
title: Cloth work pass with an embroidered blue W used to exit and enter the Lvov ghetto
has end date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1943-12-31
conditions of use: No restrictions on use
type: RecordSet
results or resulted from: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn36091-irn38004/acquisitions/1
is or was included in: us-005578-irn36091
has record set type: Item
physical characterisitics and technical requirements: Square, greyish white cloth pass inside a square cloth holder with a clear plastic front. The pass has a black W stitched in the center and a pink Nazi emblem of an eagle wih outspread wings clutching a swastika in its talons stamped at the top. The back of the holder is canvas from a map, bordered by green painted canvas and stitched together with black thread. front center of pass, stitched, black thread : W
record resource extent: overall: Height: 3.750 inches (9.525 cm) | Width: 3.625 inches (9.208 cm)
has beginning date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1941-01-01
history: Ilona (Alona) Goldman (later Frankel) was born on June 27, 1937, to Gusta and Salomon Goldman in Krakow, Poland. Salomon was born in 1901 in Bochnia and had two brothers. Gusta was born in 1904 in Oswieczim and had five brothers and sisters. Both her parents were communists, an association that was illegal at the time. Salomon and Gusta married in 1936 and live in a lavish villa Salomon had built in Bochnia. He ran a successful construction supply business and the family lived comfortably, with servants and a nanny. In September 1939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland. The family fled to Lwow (Lviv, Ukraine) in the Russian-occupied section of eastern Poland. Her father worked as the chief accountant in a tannery/slaughterhouse factory. In June 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union. The Jews in Lwow were forced into the ghetto. The factory where her father worked came under the control of the SS, but he retained his job. The manager, Herr Knaup, designated Salomon an essential employee which offered some protection from deportation. He also allowed the family to live in an alcove attached to the factory. Salomon would hide leftover blood and entrails from the slaughterhouse for the other Jewish workers. They would drink the coagulated blood right away and wrap the entrails around their bodies under their clothes to smuggle back into the ghetto. At some point, the Goldmans had to move into the ghetto. During one round-up, Gusta and Ilona were placed on a transport for the camps, but someone told Salomon and the boss from the factory, Bulani, came and got them released. In March 1942, the Germans began deporting Jews from the ghetto to Belzec extermination camp. At some point, Salomon was arrested and taken to Janowska camp. He was tortured for two days, and then released. Salomon constructed a hiding place in their room that you reached by crawling through the stove. There was an aktion to clear the ghetto of children and when Gusta found Ilona, they hid there with several…
conditions of access: No restrictions on access
has or had holder: us-005578