us-005578-irn36091-irn38003
physical characterisitics and technical requirements: Rectangular, offwhite cloth armband, no longer stitched closed, with a 6-pointed Star of David embroidered in blue thread. The letter A is embroidered in red thread within the star and the number 4776 is embroidered beneath. front, center of the Star, embroidered, red thread : A front, below the Star, embroidered, red thread : 4776
has or had identifier: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn36091-irn38003/alternateIDs/1
has record set type: Item
conditions of use: No restrictions on use
has or had holder: us-005578
scope and content: Arbeiter [Worker] armband embroidered with a red letter A within a blue Judenstern worn by Salomon Goldman to exit and return to the Lvov ghetto in German occupied Poland from 1941-43, for his job as an accountant at a slaughterhouse and tanning factory. He and his wife Gusta and daughter Ilona fled Krakow for Russian controlled Lvov (Lviv, Ukraine), soon after the German invasion in September 1939. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941 and occupied Lvov, the Wehrmacht took over the factory. After several months, Salomon and his family were forced to move into the Jewish ghetto. In the spring of 1942, fearing liquidation of the ghetto, Salomon was offered a hiding place by a former employee, Jozef Jozak. His Russian Orthodox wife Rozalie did not want them in their home and they would not hide Ilona because they thought it would be too hard to conceal a lively 2 year-old child. Ilona was smuggled out to the countryside and placed in hiding as a Christian child with a Polish woman, Hania Seremet, paid to hide her. After 6 months, they could no longer pay for her care, and Hania dumped Ilona back with her parents, without the knowledge of the Jozak family. The three had to stay hidden nearly all the time in one small room. The family lived in hiding until the Soviet Army liberated the city in July 1944. When the was ended in May 1945, they returned to Krakow.
has beginning date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1941-01-01
has end date: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/dates/1943-12-31
conditions of access: No restrictions on access
record resource extent: overall: Height: 14.500 inches (36.83 cm) | Width: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm)
history: The armband was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2009 by Alona Frankel, the daughter of Gusta and Salomon Goldman.
is or was included in: us-005578-irn36091
has or had some members with language: deu
type: RecordSet
history: Salomon Goldman was born in 1900 in Bochnia, Poland. He had two younger brothers, Henryk and David, and their father died before David was born. His widowed mother, Rachela, supported the family by sewing day and night on a sewing machine paid for by installments, but the family was very poor. The boys attended Hebrew school. Salomon taught himself bookbinding by watching a local craftsman through the window and earned his first money binding prayer books for local school girls. When his mother fell ill, the sewing machine was repossessed. Salomon learned accounting through a correspondence course and then passed the exam for certification as an accountant. Salomon was a dedicated communist, and his brothers also joined the communist party, an illegal organization. Henryk was arrested for his political activity and imprisoned in Bereza Katuski. Salomon developed a successful business buying and selling building materials. He married a young woman even though her doctor advised them that she had a terminal illness. Nearly every day after work, Salomon would meet with farmers and laborers, unable to read or write, who knew to come to him for help with correspondence or business affairs. Salomon also knew Yiddish and would read their letters to them, then listen to and write their replies. In 1936, Salomon, now a widower, married Gusta Gruber. Gusta was born in 1904 in Oswieczim to Rivka and Shlomo, a scholar and prosperous merchant. She had five siblings. Gusta had lived in Palestine in the 1920s, and was also a communist. When they met she was working as kindergarten teacher and living a Bohemian life in Krakow. Salomon built a large villa in Bochnia where they lived very comfortably and had several servants. The couple had a daughter, Ilona, in Krakow on June 27, 1937. Germany invaded Poland in September 1939 and the family escaped east to Lvov (Lviv, Ukraine) which was under Soviet control. Salomon worked as an accountant in a slaughterhouse and tanning factory. In…
identifier: irn38003
results or resulted from: http://lod.ehri-project-test.eu/units/us-005578-irn36091-irn38003/acquisitions/1
title: Arbeiter [Laborer] armband embroidered with a Star of David and a red letter"" worn in the Lvov ghetto