The skirt and top were donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2008 by Judith Stieglitz Kessler.
Yehudit Steiglitz was born in Subotica, Yugoslavia (Serbia), on August 28, 1923. She is the only child of Alex Steiglitz, born in 1893 in Sezsmarok, Slovakia, and Ella Hollander, born in 1897 in Szepesvaralja (?) (Spišské Podhradi), Slovakia). Her parents were secular Jews with Zionist leanings. Prior to the war, Alex owned a modern windmill. In April 1941, the Germans invaded Yugoslavia and partitioned it; Hungary was given the northern region that included Subotica. The Hungarians allowed the Jewish students to finish their school exams, thus Yehudit was able to graduate that April. She began to learn how to sew from the seamstress who made clothes for her mother and herself. In April 1944, her father and her uncle were rounded up with other Jewish men and sent to the Topoya holding center. From there, they were deported to Auschwitz concentration camp. In 1944, Yehudit, her mother, and her grandmother were sent to the ghetto where Yehudit was able to work as a seamstress. After about three weeks, they were sent to the ghetto in Bacsalmas, Hungary. While they were in the ghetto, Hungarians were given possession of their home. A judge was given two of the rooms; he said that he did not need any of their possessions and would protect them. Another family, a Christian woman and her Jewish husband, stayed in the other three rooms; they also said that they would take care of the apartment and the contents. While they were in the Bacsalmas ghetto, the German commandant received a letter from Budapest listing the names of the Zionists in the area, including Yehudit’s father. Yehudit, her mother, and her grandmother were removed from the ghetto and taken to the synagogue, where they were held all night with the others on the list. In the morning, when they were released, they saw that the ghetto had been evacuated. The inhabitants had been loaded on cattle cars and transported in compliance with the German desire that all Jews be expelled from Hungary. Hungarian police units deported many Jews into the custody of German police, who transported them to Auschwitz-Birkenau, where the majority was killed in the gas chambers. Yehudit and the others, who as Zionists were presumed to have agreed to leave the country for Palestine, were sent to Budapest, and then taken to a synagogue in Pest. There they learned that they were going to be sent by train to Palestine, as part of the Kasztner transport. This was a transfer for money negotiated between the German SS and Rezső Kasztner of the Relief and Rescue Committee of Budapest. Yehudit's grandmother, already quite ill, was taken to a hospital, where she died the next day. However, Kastzner was not able to raise sufficient funds, so the group could not be sent to Palestine. Instead, they were sent to Bergen-Belsen where they were housed separately from the other inmates. They were not allowed to work and were treated fairly well. While there, Yehudit compiled a notebook of the favorite recipes of the other Hungarian inmates. Yehudit and her mother were in Bergen-Belsen from June to December, and then were transferred for safety to Caux, Switzerland. They remained there until after the war ended, and Yehudit worked as a seamstress. They learned that Alex, Yehudit’s father, had died on May 8, 1945, following a death march from Auschwitz, where he had labored in the salt mines, to Bergen-Belsen. Around June 1945, Yehudit and her mother returned to Subotica. They found that their home and belongings had been cared for by the Hungarians who had been given possession of them during the war. Yehudit eventually emigrated to Israel where she married a man named Kessler.
(a) Multicolored cloth top with short puffed sleeves that was originally the bodice of a dress. The cloth has a design with green leaves and yellow flowers with a red and white checkered heart in the center scattered over a blue background. It is a pullover with a clasp at neckline and 3 snaps hidden under the front opening placket. The pleated waistline has a wide band with 2 sets of side snaps. The inside of the sleeve hem has a strip of white fabric a with red geometric pattern attached, (b) Multicolored cloth skirt made from what was originally a dress. It has a small waist opening that flares out to the bottom hem. The waistline hem is unfinished. There is a dart opening at the side of the waist with 2 sets of snaps. The inside of the bottom hem has a strip of white fabric with a red geometric pattern attached.
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a: Height: 17.380 inches (44.145 cm) | Width: 24.880 inches (63.195 cm) b: Height: 21.880 inches (55.575 cm) | Width: 26.880 inches (68.275 cm)
Dress owned by 20-year-old Judith Kessler and made for her by a seamstress in her hometown of Subotica, Yugoslavia (Serbia.) It was originally a dress, but was modfied into a top and skirt during the war. Judith and her mother were interned in the Bacsalmas ghetto and then deported to Pest, Hungary, by the Hungarian police, following the occupation of the country by the Germans. They were told they were being sent to Palestine, but instead were taken to Bergen-Belsen by train from Budapest as part of a rescue effort organized by Rezso Kasztner. Later in 1944, they were transferred to safety in Switzerland.
Blue two-piece dress with multicolored hearts