Also known as:"Burning Heart" (USA),"Entsagun" (Switzerland),"Brinnande Hjaerta" (Sweden). The film was shot from October 22, 1943 until August 1944 in Ufa-city Babelsberg, Berlin and environs, Kolberg, Koenigsberg. Further distinctions:"staatspolitisch und kuenstlerisch besonders wertvol" [state-politically and artistically especially valuable];"kulturell wertvol" [culturally valuable];"volkstuemlich wertvol" [folks valuable];"anerkennenswer" [creditable];"volksbilden" [educating the people];"jugendwer" [of value for the youth]. The film also screened in Berlin, Breslau, Danzig, and Hamburg. The movie was re-released completely 1965 by Erwin Leiser under the title"30. Januar 1945 (Kolberg" "30th January 1945 (Kolberg"] with an added commentary, scenes from speeches by Goebbels, and the entire Deutsche Wochenschau [German weekly newsreel] 3/1945, but was withdrawn shortly thereafter. Kolberg was evacuated on March 21, 1945 by the German troops and is today the Polish city of Kolobrzeg. Actors: Heinrich George (Mayor Nettelbeck), Kristina Soederbaum (Maria), Paul Wegener (Colonel Loucadou), Horst Casper (General Gneisenau), Gustav Diessl (Lieutenant Schill), Otto Wernicke (peasant Werner), Irene von Meyendorff (the Queen), Kurt Meisel (Claus), Jasper von Oertzen (Prince Ludwig Ferdinand), Jakob Tiedtke (Reeder), Hans Herrmann Schaufuss (Zaufke), Paul Bildt (school principal), Franz Schafheitlin (Fanselow), Charles Schauten (Napoleon), Heinz Lausch (Friedrich), Claus Clausen (King Friedrich Wilhelm III), Joseph Dahmen (Franz), Franz Herterich (Emperor Franz II), Greta Schroeder-Wegener (Miss von Voss), Fritz Hoopts (Timm), Werner Scharf (General Teulié), Theo Schall (General Loison), Herbert Klatt, Margarete Schoen, Inge Drexel, Paul Henckels, André Saint-Germain, Betty Wald, Herbert A.E. Boehme Actress Kristina Soederbaum was the wife of director Veit Harlan. Beside some scenes missing at the end of Film ID 979 (between the French attack on the farm and its deliberate burning) there does not seem to be a 40 minute gap. However, the USHMM holds only 110 minutes out of 146 minutes in approximate length. See Stories 1192-1197, Film ID 979 and 980. See Film and Video departmental files for additional documentation and a summary of the film.
Kolberg is a Prussian city on the Baltic coast that was besieged by Napoleon's victorious army in the Franco-Prussian War in 1806-1807. Under the command of the patriotic Mayor Nettelbeck, ordinary citizens prepare to set up a civilian militia while the local army commander Colonel von Lucadou plans to surrender. With the help of the young General von Gneisenau, the people's army succeeds in holding their city despite heavy shelling. This film was produced in 1944 during the last stages of the war. With this"Durchhaltefil" [film to keep up the spirit], based on a highly idealized picture of Prussia, Goebbels hoped to convince Germany's population to engage in total war and fight to the finish. Goebbels believed that only complete mobilization of the civilian population could keep Germany from being defeated. In the war years, the depiction of obedient heroism and unconditional self-sacrifice generally shifted from the Hitler Youth or SA-man towards the soldier and brave citizen. By exaggerating the audacious defense of a German city by its own citizens, this historical drama was intended to strengthen the bond between battlefront and home front. After preliminary plans going back as far as 1940, Goebbels ordered this"Staatsauftragsfil" [movie commissioned by the state] from Veit Harlan in June 1943 and he instructed Harlan to spare no expense in its production. Although the prologue claims that the film was"based on historical facts" at several points historical evidence is distorted, most strikingly by turning the actual final surrender of Kolberg into a fictitious victory. Goebbels intervened several times to change the script on his favorite movie project especially by cutting demoralizing battle scenes and rewriting speeches. The speeches of Gneisenau in parts closely resemble Goebbels' own speech of February 18, 1943 on total war:"Volk steh auf, Sturm brich los", which itself was based on a 1813 poem of Theodor Koerner, a martyr of Prussia's wars of liberation. In the strong belief that this epic movie would be more important for the outcome of the war than any military action, Goebbels stripped the war machine of several thousand soldiers, six thousand horses, and one hundred rail cars for the massive battle and other scenes, all while the Soviet army was approaching German borders. Production costs amounted to RM 8.8 million. After passing censorship on January 26, 1945, this last feature film of the Third Reich premiered on January 30, 1945 simultaneously in Berlin and the besieged fortress of La Rochelle. Whereas the movie was screened for only a few days (mostly to Nazi party officials) due to the continuing bombings of German cities, it received no less than six awards and the honorary accolade"Film der Natio" [movie of the nation].
Reel 6 starts with Maria and Nettelbeck looking down at Friedrich's body. Outside, the battle continues to rage. As large numbers of French soldiers march toward Kolberg, Gneisenau discusses the overwhelming odds with Nettelbeck. He suggests that they surrender. Nettelbeck tells Gneisenau how much Kolberg means to the people who live there. He falls on his knees and begs Gneisenau not to surrender. Gneisenau hugs Nettelbeck and tells him that now they can die together. As the battle continues, the French debate whether they should halt their attack on the city, in light of the peace negotiations at Tilsit and their heavy troop losses. After they stop firing, the camera pans across the severely damaged city, including the church. The people begin rushing into the streets as a hymn plays. (The implication is that Kolberg successfully fought off the French, although this is not what actually happened in history.) Maria walks down to the beach and stares out into water. Nettelbeck hugs her and commends her courage and sacrifice, saying that she had done her duty and not feared death. The scene returns to 1813 with Gneisenau talking to King Wilhelm Friedrich III. The king sees that Gneisenau is right and begins to write a document, dictated by Gneisenau. Gneisenau gazes out the window at the people gathered on the square below and says,"From the ashes and the rubble there will rise, like a phoenix, a new people, a new Reich"
Idealized picture of Prussia to garner German support for total war