Also known as:"Burning Heart" (USA),"Entsagun" (Switzerland),"Brinnande Hjaerta" (Sweden). The film was shot from October 22, 1943 until August 1944 in Ufa-city Babelsberg, Berlin and environs, Kolberg, Koenigsberg. Further distinctions:"staatspolitisch und kuenstlerisch besonders wertvol" [state-politically and artistically especially valuable];"kulturell wertvol" [culturally valuable];"volkstuemlich wertvol" [folks valuable];"anerkennenswer" [creditable];"volksbilden" [educating the people];"jugendwer" [of value for the youth]. The film also screened in Berlin, Breslau, Danzig, and Hamburg. The movie was re-released completely in 1965 by Erwin Leiser under the title"30. Januar 1945 (Kolberg" "30th January 1945 (Kolberg"] with an added commentary, scenes from speeches by Goebbels, and the entire Deutsche Wochenschau [German weekly newsreel] 3/1945, but it was withdrawn shortly thereafter. Kolberg was evacuated on March 21, 1945 by the German troops and is today the Polish city of Kolobrzeg. Actors: Heinrich George (Mayor Nettelbeck), Kristina Soederbaum (Maria), Paul Wegener (Colonel Loucadou), Horst Casper (General Gneisenau), Gustav Diessl (Lieutenant Schill), Otto Wernicke (peasant Werner), Irene von Meyendorff (the Queen), Kurt Meisel (Claus), Jasper von Oertzen (Prince Ludwig Ferdinand), Jakob Tiedtke (Reeder), Hans Herrmann Schaufuss (Zaufke), Paul Bildt (school principal), Franz Schafheitlin (Fanselow), Charles Schauten (Napoleon), Heinz Lausch (Friedrich), Claus Clausen (King Friedrich Wilhelm III), Joseph Dahmen (Franz), Franz Herterich (Emperor Franz II), Greta Schroeder-Wegener (Miss von Voss), Fritz Hoopts (Timm), Werner Scharf (General Teulié), Theo Schall (General Loison), Herbert Klatt, Margarete Schoen, Inge Drexel, Paul Henckels, André Saint-Germain, Betty Wald, Herbert A.E. Boehme Actress Kristina Soederbaum was the wife of director Veit Harlan. Beside some scenes missing at the end of Film ID 979 (between the French attack on the farm and its deliberate burning) there does not seem to be a 40 minute gap. However, the USHMM holds only 110 minutes out of 146 minutes in approximate length. See Stories 1192-1197, Film ID 979 and 980. See Film and Video departmental files for additional documentation and a summary of the film.
Kolberg is a Prussian city on the Baltic coast that was besieged by Napoleon's victorious army in the Franco-Prussian War in 1806-1807. Under the command of the patriotic Mayor Nettelbeck, ordinary citizens prepare to set up a civilian militia while the local army commander Colonel von Lucadou plans to surrender. With the help of the young General von Gneisenau, the people's army succeeds in holding their city despite heavy shelling. This film was produced in 1944 during the last stages of the war. With this"Durchhaltefil" [film to keep up the spirit], based on a highly idealized picture of Prussia, Goebbels hoped to convince Germany's population to engage in total war and fight to the finish. Goebbels believed that only complete mobilization of the civilian population could keep Germany from being defeated. In the war years, the depiction of obedient heroism and unconditional self-sacrifice generally shifted from the Hitler Youth or SA-man towards the soldier and brave citizen. By exaggerating the audacious defense of a German city by its own citizens, this historical drama was intended to strengthen the bond between battlefront and home front. After preliminary plans going back as far as 1940, Goebbels ordered this"Staatsauftragsfil" [movie commissioned by the state] from Veit Harlan in June 1943 and he instructed Harlan to spare no expense in its production. Although the prologue claims that the film was"based on historical facts" at several points historical evidence is distorted, most strikingly by turning the actual final surrender of Kolberg into a fictitious victory. Goebbels intervened several times to change the script on his favorite movie project especially by cutting demoralizing battle scenes and rewriting speeches. The speeches of Gneisenau in parts closely resemble Goebbels' own speech of February 18, 1943 on total war:"Volk steh auf, Sturm brich los", which itself was based on a 1813 poem of Theodor Koerner, a martyr of Prussia's wars of liberation. In the strong belief that this epic movie would be more important for the outcome of the war than any military action, Goebbels stripped the war machine of several thousand soldiers, six thousand horses, and one hundred rail cars for the massive battle and other scenes, all while the Soviet army was approaching German borders. Production costs amounted to RM 8.8 million. After passing censorship on January 26, 1945, this last feature film of the Third Reich premiered on January 30, 1945 simultaneously in Berlin and the besieged fortress of La Rochelle. Whereas the movie was screened for only a few days (mostly to Nazi party officials) due to the continuing bombings of German cities, it received no less than six awards and the honorary accolade"Film der Natio" [movie of the nation].
Reel 3 opens to find Mayor Nettelbeck sitting at a large table with his advisers. He reads an ultimatum he has received from the French. While some of the councillors recommend capitulation, Nettelbeck again argues that they must stand and fight, and he delivers a patriotic refusal to surrender to the French envoy. Napoleon is furious when he hears of the tiny city's insolence and promises that Kolberg will be taken without pity for its inhabitants. Back in Kolberg, the members of the Werner family celebrate a somber New Year's Eve with Nettelbeck and Schill. Nettelbeck laments the fact that they are stuck with Lucadou as commandant. Friedrich asks Schill whether he loves Maria. Schill answers that he does but that he will never marry a woman because he is married to the war. Maria and Schill nevertheless share an intimate toast. In the next scene we find that Nettelbeck has procured new cannons without Lucadou's permission. The enraged commandant argues with Nettelbeck and tells him that he intends to capitulate to the French. Nettelbeck draws his sword and leaps forward to attack Lucadou but is restrained. The next scene shows the French already outside Kolberg. Schill is rallying his troops when Maria arrives, frantic because the French have occupied her house with her father and brother Claus still inside. The scene changes to the interior of the house, where drunken Frenchmen hang from the chandelier. Claus drinks a toast to Napoleon and his disgusted father grabs his glass and spits on the ground.
Idealized picture of Prussia to garner German support for total war