Deutsches Hygiene-Museum, Archiv

The creation of the Deutsches Hygiene-Museum (1912) harks back to the efforts of the Dresden industrialist Karl August Lingner (1861-1916), the manufacturer of the mouthwash Odol. In 1911 Lingner had been among the protagonists of the First International Hygiene Exhibition, for which more than five million visitors had come to Dresden. This exhibition combined state-of-the-art technologies and unprecedented lifelike displays and models to impart knowledge about human anatomy and address issues of proactive health care and diet. Always at the cutting edge of science, the museum and its presentations for a general audience did much to democratize the field of health during the Weimar Republic (1919-1933). For the Second International Hygiene Exhibition in 1930, the museum moved into the building designed by Wilhelm Kreis (1873-1955), a facility that has been the seat of the museum ever since. The exhibitions biggest attraction was the Transparent Man, the reification of modernisms image of the human being and conveyed faith in the link between science, transparency, and rationality. The Transparent Man has meanwhile become the symbol of the Deutsches Hygiene-Museum and has remained one of its most prominent exhibits. After 1933 the museums ideas of popular health education and highly developed modern communication methods were placed in the service of Nazi racist ideology. An air raid on Dresden in February 1945 destroyed much of the museums building along with its valuable collection. During the years of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), the museum performed a mission comparable to that of the Federal Agency of Health Education in the Federal Republic of Germany (West Gemany). After 1991 the Deutsches Hygiene-Museum was completely reconceived as a Museum of Man that employs appropriate modern resources to continue the innovative approach of the museum in its early years.  

The collection of the Deutsches Hygiene-Museums serves two main themes: the history of health education and the history of everyday health care in 20th-century Germany. Special collections complement these holdings, which encompass approximately 40,000 objects, including those on permanent loan. The museum’s aim is to expand this collection continually through acquisitions. Objects from the collection appear in the Deutsches Hygiene-Museum’s temporary exhibitions as well as in the permanent exhibition, particularly the latter. Nowhere near all of the museum’s holdings are on display, however. The objects offer a wide range of possibilities for exhibitions, publications, and research. Numerous projects around the world make use of these possibilities. Research in selected parts of the collection is possible through the data bank on the objects, an option that is gradually being expanded. The collection on the history of health education; The collection on the history of health care in everyday life; The Schwarzkopf collection; The Münchow collection; The international collection of AIDS posters; The collection on the history of East German day nurseries