. . "Американская объединенная восстановительная организация. Управление делами"@eng . "The American Joint Reconstruction Foundation was established in 1924 by the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee and the Jewish Colonization Association (JCA). The organization was created primarily to improve the economic situation of Eastern European Jewish victims of the First World War by developing cooperative credit, and supporting Jewish agricultural colonies, trade schools, and related initiatives. In 1936, the Reconstruction Foundation supported 672 loan funds (kassas) with 200,000 members, the majority of them small craftsmen and merchants. Starting in 1933, it helped sponsor Jewish refugees from Germany, including their settlement in Palestine. The American Joint Reconstruction Foundation was headed by an administrative council made up of representatives of the JDC, the Jewish Colonization Association (JCA), and Jewish organizations of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The Reconstruction Foundation's day-to-day operations were managed by an administrative department located, until 1933, in Berlin; thereafter, in Paris. Its directors were Bernhard Kahn representing the JDC and, on behalf of the JCA, Louis Oungre. Upon the advance of Nazi troops in 1940, the administrative department was evacuated from Paris to Bordeaux. Before the Second World War, branch offices of the American Joint Reconstruction Foundation were in operation in many countries of Europe and South America. "@eng . "Американская объединенная восстановительная организация. Управление делами"@eng . .