sk
type: Country
archival history: Until the end of the First World War, Slovakia belonged to the Hungarian half of the Habsburg Monarchy. After 1918, it became a part of the Czechoslovak Republic. Following the Munich agreement of September 1938, Slovakia declared autonomy. A single-party regime came to power, with Jozef Tiso as prime minister. In November 1938, the country lost much of its southern territories to Hungary. At Germany’s instigation, the Slovak Parliament proclaimed independence on 14 March 1939, but remained bound to Germany by a “Protection Agreement”. In the fall of 1939 Jozef Tiso became president of Slovakia. Internally, Slovakia retained a considerable degree of autonomy, especially in its anti-Jewish policy. Slovakia served Germany as a concentration area before the Wehrmacht’s assault on Poland and joined Hitler’s war on the Soviet Union in 1941 as well. The rise and activities of underground groups in Slovakia in 1944 led to the country’s occupation by the German army and immediate break out of an anti-German (and anti-Regime) Slovak National Uprising on 29 August 1944. The uprising was suppressed in late October 1944. Occupied Slovakia was gradually liberated from Germans by the Red Army which entered and advanced on Slovakia from the east. With the Germans leaving the Slovak capital Bratislava in April 1945, the Slovak administration ceased to exist and Slovakia became a part of Czechoslovakia once more. In 1993, the separation of the Czech and Slovak Republics made Slovakia an independent state. According to the census, Slovakia had a total population of 3,324,111 people in 1930. 136,000 of them were Jews whose assimilation by Slovak society was tenuous. Many had declared Jewish nationality. There was also a strong Zionist movement while others gravitated towards Hungarian culture. Slovak Jews who lived in the southern part of the country, which was taken over by Hungary in 1938, later shared the history of Hungarian Jewry (by not having received Hungarian citizenship, the…
archival situation: The state archives of Slovakia are subordinate to the Department of Archives and Registers of the Interior ministry. Documents of nationwide significance are stored in the Slovak National Archive. Documents of local importance are stored in the regional state archives. In late 2015 the system of state archives in Slovakia was reorganized. From 1 November 2015 there are 8 regional State archives (e.g. State archive in Bratislava) with 29 smaller branch archives operating now under the name “workplace Archive“ (e.g. State archive in Bratislava, workplace Archive Modra). There is one specialized state archive which operates under the name Spiš Archive in Levoča (formerly the State archive in Levoča). There are no specifically Jewish archival institutions in Slovakia with the exception of the Museum of Jewish Culture (a department of the Slovak National Museum) in Bratislava.
research extensive: **A. EHRI approach to Slovakia: Pre-existing research, available archival guides, expert support** In the case of Slovakia, EHRI could rely on the general finding aids available at the archives in Slovakia itself. Third party surveys on Holocaust-relates sources, such as the ones carried out by USHMM, were very helpful as well. **B. Characteristics of Slovakia's archival system** Slovakia exhibits a centralized archival system in which the Ministry of Interior of the Slovak republic is in charge of the State archival system. The state archives are made up of the Slovak National Archive [Slovenský národný archív] in Bratislava as well as several regional State archives [Štátny archív v Bratislave, Štátny archív v Košiciach, Štátny archív v Prešove etc.] seated in county cities with their multiple branch archives (Workplace Archive) seated in district towns. Several other state archives and institutions have their own archival system and collections such as the Military History Archives [Vojenský historický archív], the Slovak National Museum Archive [Archív Slovenského národného múzea] and Archive of the Museum of the Slovak National Uprising [Múzeum Slovenského národného povstania]. In terms of access to state archival system, EHRI benefited from the Memorandum of Understanding signed between the Ministry of Interior and the EHRI partner in Slovakia, the Holocaust Documentation Center. The access to other state-funded archives was organized individually. Besides the state-funded collection holding institutions, EHRI also identified and integrated into the EHRI portal data on collections of two NGOs: Nadácia Milana Šimečku [Milan Šimečka Foundation] and the Holocaust Documentation Center which is also the EHRI partner in Slovakia. **C. EHRI identification and description results in Slovakia** **C.I. In Slovakia** In Slovakia, EHRI has identified several archival institutions which hold documents on Slovakia and the territory that was annexed by Hungary for the 1938-1…
research summary: EHRI was able to establish that documents concerning the Second World War and the Holocaust can be found in the Slovak National Archive, regional state archives, but also in the Military History Archive, Nationʼs Memory Institute Archive, Holocaust Documentation Center and in the Museum of the Slovak National Uprising in Banská Bystrica. Holocaust-relevant sources on Slovakia have been identified by EHRI in institutions outside of the country, such as Beit Theresienstadt or the Jewish Museum in Prague, but also the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, which holds selected records from the Slovak National Archive and regional state archives, Slovak armed forces as well as numerous oral history interviews. Furthermore, Yad Vashem possesses a number of collections which are relevant to Holocaust-research on Slovakia. The Political Archive of the German Foreign Office and the Bundesarchiv also hold Holocaust-relevant records on Slovakia, for instance on the SD Slowakei.
contains transitive: Komárno
contains transitive: Nové Zámky
contains transitive: Bratislavský kraj
contains transitive: Rimavská Sobota
contains transitive: Košickýkraj
contains transitive: Modra
contains transitive: Bystrička
contains transitive: Michalovce
contains transitive: Trenčín
contains transitive: Čadca
contains transitive: Svidník
contains transitive: Humenné
contains transitive: Bardejov
contains transitive: Banská Štiavnica
contains transitive: Banskobystrický kraj
contains transitive: Lučenec
contains transitive: Stará Ľubovňa
contains transitive: Banská Bystrica
contains transitive: Topoľčany
contains transitive: Košice
contains transitive: Trnava
contains transitive: Trebišov
contains transitive: Ivánka pri Nitre
contains transitive: Kremnica
contains transitive: Bratislava
contains transitive: Považská Bystrica
contains transitive: Trnavsky kraj
contains transitive: Prešov
contains transitive: Dolný Kubín
contains transitive: Poprad
contains transitive: Levice
contains transitive: Šaľa
contains transitive: Veľký Krtíš
contains transitive: Levoča
contains transitive: Bytča
contains transitive: SpišskáNováVes
contains transitive: Trenčiansky kraj
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